جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "1" در نشریات گروه "دامپزشکی"

Contagious Ecthyma (Orf), a worldwide distributed zoonotic viral disease of sheep and goat, has significant economic impacts. The disease is frequently referred to  by the term  "proliferative skin lesions outside the buccal cavity of young animals". This report details the occurrence of the severe mucosal form of contagious ecthyma in mature sheep. The disease was observed in a number of mature animals in a sheep flock that exhibited increased heart and respiratory rates, as well as highly disseminated erosive lesions on the tongue, dental pad, gums and interior face of the lips. Given the clinical indications of  contagious ecthyma, sample specimens from the mucosal lesions was collected and subjected to molecular virology test (PCR) that tentatively confirmed diagnosis of contagious ecthyma in the sheep flock. The sick sheep that were treated with supportive therapy and care eventually recovered from the disease. Investigations revealed the affected sheep grazed on poor pasture containing thorny Astragalus and Rosa persica, which may have facilitated the mucosal form of the disease manifested. This was likely exacerbated by the drought. This report underscores the significance of the contagious ecthyma virus in pathogenesis of oral mucosal lesions, which must be distinguished from those of similar mucosal diseases.

The initial step in the prevention and control of any disease is the epidemiological investigation and evaluation of its health and economic importance .This is considered a reliable starting point for combating the disease. In this regard, the present study investigated the prevalence of parasitic and bacterial diseases in nine cities of Tehran province during the years 2019-2023 and the damages caused by them. This study employed a cross-sectional  design ,and the required data were obtained from the Iran’s  Veterinary Organization and the Agricultural Organization of Tehran province. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to ascertain the variance of the data. Subsequent mean comparisons were made using the post hoc Tukey test, while paired percentages were compared using the x2 non-parametric test. The findings revealed that hydatid cyst had  the highest prevalence in Tehran Province in comparison  to other diseases among slaughtered animals. The prevalence  of infection with the majority of  diseases in cattle was significantly higher than that  in sheep (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in the trend of disease contamination over the course of the study period  (P>0.05). However, a significant difference was noted between the cities in terms of the prevalence of contamination with bacterial and parasitic pathogens (P<0.05). The assessment of economic losses resulting from diseases also indicated that in 1398-1402, the main cause of damage was brucellosis among cattle and cyst hidatosis among sheep. The findings of this study provide fundamental data regarding economic losses associated with bacterial and parasitic diseases of cattle and sheep slaughtered in Tehran Province, offering a valuable reference  for relevant organizations and officials.

Giardia lamblia is one of the most common intestinal parasites in Iran, which is treated with metronidazole. This drug hasGiardia lamblia is one of the most prevalent intestinal parasites in Iran, and its treatment typically involves the use of metronidazole. This drug has been associated with  side effects and there are numerous reports of parasite resistance to this drug. In light of the significance of giardiasis and the necessity for an alternative drug, the present study was undertaken to assess the  impact of the curcumin-loaded dendrimer nanoparticles on Giardia lamblia in vivo. In this experimental study, after preparation of the nanodendrimer-curcumin, size and chemical bonding between nanoparticles were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) technique, respectively, following the preparation of the nanodendrimer-curcumin. The anti-giardial activity of the synthesized nanoparticle was then evaluated in infected mice by microscopic method. The final data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. The synthesized nanoparticles with an average size of 32 nm were found to be suitable for use indrug delivery systems. The results demonstrated that the highest efficacy of synthesized  nanoparticles in this study was observed at a dose of 16 mg/kg, with an efficacy of 79% in infected mice, which was statistically significant in comparison  to the negative control group (P<0.05). Given the superior efficacy of the synthesized nano dendrimer-curcumin against Giardia lamblia in mice compared to metronidazole, it can be proposed as a novel  candidate for the treatment of giardiasis. however ,further research is necessary to substantiate this claim.

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with a global distribution. A wide range of mammalian species, including camels, are susceptible to this disease. The most important adverse effects of this disease are a marked reduction in production, abortion, and  renal impairment. Given the climatic conditions of Jiroft city, located in the south of Kerman, and the considerable breeding of camels in the region, it is imperative to evaluate the prevalence, of leptospirosis in camels in this region. Accordingly, this study was conducted to diagnose leptospirosis serum in the camel population of South Kerman through the use of a microagglutination test. To this  end, one hundred blood samples were collected from the jugular veins of apparently healthy camels in Jiroft City. Following the isolation of serum, a microagglutination test was conducted using five common serovars of Leptospira interrogans. . The presence of antibodies against at least one serovar of Leptospira interrogans was detected in five serum samples out of one hundred samples (five percent) at a dilution of one to one hundred or more using a microagglutination test.. One sample was positive  for Leptospira grippotyphosa, two samples  for Leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae, and two samples for Leptospira hardjo. No positive samples were identified against Leptospira canicola or Leptospira Pomona.  The results of this study indicate the presence of the Leptospira bacterium is present in the apparently healthy camel population in South Kerman. In light of the rising consumption of camel meat and dairy products by humans, as well as the resulting economic losses in the country's livestock industry, this issue merits attention from veterinary organizations and the Ministry of Health.

Patellar dislocation represents a significant cause of lameness in toy dogs . In this study, the prevalence of patellar luxation and associated factors, including age, gender, breed, direction of dislocation, degree of dislocation, and dislocation type were  investigated.

A total of 133 toy breed dogs were referred to one radiology imaging center evaluated over a two-year period  (November 2018 to September 2020). Firstly, the  dogs subjected to a clinical examination to identify any abnormalities. Subsequently, radiographic imaging was conducted in two different positioning ,that is, craniocaudal and right lateral . Subsequently, the  findings were subjected to  analysis with the objective of determining the prevalence of specific factors and diseases in  toy dogs.

The results of this study indicate that dogs with luxation of the patellar bone (48 dogs)   exhibited notable increases  in the relative frequency of specific variables, including male (54.2%), under three years old (52.0%), unilateral dislocation (54.2%), right posterior limb dislocation (39.6%), breed (Terrier 40%, Pomeranian 36%),and second-degree dislocation (60.4%).

The present  study demonstrates that medial patellar luxation is more prevalent than other  forms of patellar luxation , including  bilateral luxation. Furthermore, the problem mostly was  observed in Terrier and Pomeranian breeds. Furt hermore, the results indicated that male sex and age below  three years are associated with an increased risk.. Ultimately, luxation represents a significant cause of lameness in dogs. However, this can be effectively addressed through a combination of continuous clinical observation and radiological consultation  when  necessary.

The White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) has emerged as one of the most  prevalent, widespread and  lethal pathogens in shrimp. The  virus gains  entry into the shrimps  trough binding   membrane protein VP28,thereby initiatingan  infection. The present study started with  a re-examination of the antimicrobial properties of each peptides by the Peptide Scanner server. This was followed by  an evaluation of the physicochemical characteristics, solubility, allergenicity, and also the toxicity of the antiviral peptides by the ProtParam, Protein-Sol, AllerTOP,and ToxinPred servers respectively. Subsequently, the third structure of peptides  identified in the preceding steps, comprising Ginkbilobin, Circulin-F, Cycloviolin-A, Cycloviolin-D, Circulin-C, Kalata-B8 and Antiviral protein Y3, was predicted by the I-TASSER server. The results of the molecular docking process of each peptide with VP28 protein showed that the mentioned peptides formed 4, 1, 2, 0, 1, 4 and 10 hydrogen bonds with VP28 protein, respectively. In addition, each of them contains 25.50, 41.38, 38.71, 36.67, 33.33, 16.13 and 36.08 percent hydrophobic amino acids, respectively. Ultimately, the Antiviral protein Y3 peptide is the most promising option, followed by Ginkbilobin and Kalata-B8 peptides, due to its length, the presence of hydrophobic amino acids, and the number of hydrogen bonds formed with the VP28 protein. Consequently, following the completion of the molecular dynamics studies, it is recommended that the aforementioned peptides be employed in in -vitro and in vivo investigations aimed at impeding the invasion of WSSV into the shrimp host and subsequently preventing infection.

Salmonella typhimurium is one of the most important causative agents of gastrointestinal diseases in humans and animals. Probiotics can inhibit pathogens by producing antimicrobial compounds.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a probiotic mixture (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei, and Lactobacillus brevis) on the gut-brain axis of male Sprague-Dawley rats infected with S. typhimurium.

In this study, 21 adult male Wistar rats with an average weight of 220-250 g were randomly divided into three groups: the control group receiving daily water and food, the second group (infected) receiving S. typhimurium (109 CFU/ml), and the third group (treatment) receiving the probiotic mixture along with S. typhimurium infection.

The findings showed a significant increase in cortisol levels and some inflammatory factors in the infected group, while a significant decrease in these factors was observed in the treatment group. Additionally, serotonin levels increased in the treatment group. The results indicated that serotonin and dopamine levels increased, while cortisol concentration decreased in the treatment group compared to the infected group (P<0.05). Moreover, significant changes were observed in the levels of malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, and the expression of IL6, TNFα, NLRP genes, and inducible damages in brain and gut tissues in the treatment group compared to the infected group (P<0.05).

These findings suggest that probiotics can have significant positive effects on reducing inflammation and improving immune response against S. typhimurium infection. Finally, this study demonstrates that the probiotic mixture could be an effective complementary treatment for reducing bacterial infection-related complications.

Probiotics are of interest to researchers due to their beneficial effects in controlling the negative impacts of heat stress in broiler chickens.

The present study was performed to investigate the effects of three different probiotics administered via drinking water on the growth performance and sensory and qualitative indices of breast meat in broilers under heat stress.

A total of 150 one-day-old Cobb 500 broilers were divided into five groups (four replicates with 10 birds in each) in a completely randomized design. The treatment groups included: negative control (normal temperature), positive control (heat stress), HSBacil (heat stress and Bacillus probiotic), HSLAB (heat stress and Lactobacillus probiotic), and HSMix (heat stress and a mixture of Bacillus and Lactobacillus probiotics). Chronic heat stress induction and probiotic administration were performed from 21 to 42 days of age.

After the challenge, the broilers in the positive control group had lower feed intake and weight gain, as well as a greater feed conversion ratio compared to those in the negative control group. Broilers in the HSLAB and HSMix groups exhibited greater weight gain and a more favorable feed conversion ratio compared to those in the positive control group (P<0.05). There was no difference in weight gain between the broilers in the HSLAB and HSMix treatments compared to the negative control treatment. The sensory scores of the breast meat in the positive control group were lower than the negative control group (P<0.05). The use of probiotics improved the sensory indices of breast meat (P<0.05). The HSMix treatment showed no significant difference from the negative control treatment in most of the meat sensory indices. Peroxide value in fat tissue in positive control birds was greater than negative control birds (P<0.05). The peroxide value in the HSMix treatment was lower than the positive control treatment (P<0.05).

The results showed that Bacillus and Lactobacillus probiotics, individually or in combination, are effective in improving the growth performance and meat sensory indices, as well as reducing the peroxide value in broilers under heat stress. These probiotics can be a useful strategy to mitigate the negative effects of heat stress.

Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) in chickens is associated with growth depression and mortality of young chicks. Moreover, poultry products are identified as a prominent source of SE, which can cause food-borne diseases in humans. Therefore, considering the economic and public health significance of SE, control of this bacterial infection is important.

This study aims to assess colonization and invasion of SE after exposure to the thyme essential oils in experimentally infected broiler chickens.

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of thyme essential oils was measured by broth microdilution method. A total of 75 one-day-old Ross 308 chicks were randomized to three experimental groups of 25 (A, B and C). At 9 days old, groups A and B were challenged with 108 colony-forming unit (CFU) of SE with and without previous exposure to thyme essential oils at 50% MIC. Group C (control) received a bacteria-free buffer. On days 9, 16 and 24 after the challenge, cloacal swabs and samples from visceral organs were collected from slaughtered birds and evaluated for the presence of Salmonella.

The MIC of thyme essential oil for SE was obtained 1.25 mg/mL. Results of experimental infection showed a significant reduction of SE in the cloaca, ceca, liver, and spleen of group A compared to group B throughout the sampling times. On day 16 after infection, Salmonella was isolated at 1 and 7.4 log CFU/g of cloacal swabs and at 3.2 and 9.2 log CFU/g of ceca in groups A and group B, respectively.

According to the results, previous exposure of SE to the thyme essential oil at a sub-inhibitory concentration can reduce the colonization and invasion of this pathogen in broiler chickens.

Foot-and-mouth disease is one of the most important viral diseases affecting livestock. Types O, A, and Asia 1 of the foot-and-mouth virus have been endemic in Iran for a long time.

The current research investigated the molecular epidemiology, affinity, and changes in antigenicity of the foot-and-mouth virus in relation to vaccine viruses in Razavi Khorasan province from 2021 to 2022.

In this study, 51 samples taken from suspected animals exhibiting clinical symptoms between 2021 and 2022in the province were analyzed by ELISA, real-time RT-PCR and RT-PCR tests, and cell culture. The affinity of antigenicity of five circulating viruses with the vaccine virus (R-value) produced by the Razi Vaccine Research and Serum Institute was calculated.

The results showed that 34.52% of suspected samples were positive, with 33.33% belonging to sheep and 35.72% belonging to cattle; all samples were type O. By cell culture in 2021, seven samples from cows and two samples from sheep were isolated, while in 2022, five samples from cows and two samples from sheep were isolated. Determining the nucleotide sequence of five samples of the viruses showed that the virus O/IRN/KHO/1/2022 has the most similarity (98.5%) with the virus O/IRN/KHO/3/2022, whereas the virus O/IRN/KHO/7/2022 had the least similarity (90.7%) with the virus O/IRN/KHO/4/2022. Also, the similarity of the nucleic acids of all the isolated viruses with the virus used in the vaccine MN539142.1/O/IRN/93/2016 was more than 87.5% in all five cases, and the antigenic similarity coefficient of the circulating virus with the virus vaccine was greater than 0.3.

The vaccine from the Razi Vaccine Research and Serum Institute demonstrated the ability to produce protective antibodies and establish the necessary immunity against foot-and-mouth disease viruses circulating in Razavi Khorasan Province between 2021 and 2022.

Aflatoxins are among the most important contaminating mycotoxins in poultry feeds. To reduce their adverse effects, toxin binders are applied.

This study was conducted to evaluate the adverse effects of moderate levels of aflatoxins in broilers' diets and the ability of two commercial toxin binders to reduce these effects.

In the first experiment, 480 male day-old chicks were randomly allocated to six treatments and reared for 42 days. The treatments included A: basal diet, B: basal diet+100 μg/kg aflatoxin, C and D: basal diet+3 kg of each commercial toxin binder, respectively, E and F: basal diet+3 kg of each commercial toxin binders, respectively, +100 μg/kg aflatoxin. In the second experiment, 360 male day-old chicks were randomly divided into six treatments. The treatments included A: basic diet, B: basic diet+200 μgkg-1 aflatoxin, C and D: basic diet + 2.5 and 5 kg of first toxin binder+200 μg/kg aflatoxin, D and E: The basic diet+2.5 and 5 kg of the second toxin binder+200 μg/kg aflatoxin. Production performance, relative weights of internal organs, serum biochemical parameters, histopathologic findings, and antibody levels against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were evaluated.

Feeding the broiler chickens with a diet containing 100 μg/kg of aflatoxin only reduced weight gain in the first 14 days but did not affect other parameters. In the second experiment, 200 μg/kg of aflatoxin significantly increased feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) enzyme in the first 10 days. Adding toxin binders to the feed could not improve performance indicators, and only in the second experiment they could alleviate the increase in GGT enzyme. There are no significant differences between groups in the two experiments regarding the hepatic histopathology and NDV antibody levels.

The broiler feed contamination with moderate levels of aflatoxins up to 200 μg/kg did not significantly affect the economic performance, serum biochemical parameters, and histopathologic lesions. Regarding the health and performance of the broilers, the positive effects of toxin binders in chickens confronting moderate levels of aflatoxins could not be observed.

Blood filaria is an important arthropod-borne parasite concerning public health and causing disease in the host. Until now, no study has been conducted on the infection of dogs with blood filariasis in Ilam Province, Iran. This province has three different climates and is home to Culex species, which are the most prevalent vectors of the parasites reported in this province.

The present study investigated the infection of dogs with Dirofilaria immitis and Acanthocheilonema reconditum (Dipetalonema reconditum) in Ilam Province, Iran.

In this study, blood samples were collected from 139 dogs from Ilam Province. Blood samples were examined using the modified Knott method, and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using two pairs of specific primers of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) gene.

In a blood specimen from Sirvan City, microfilaria of Dirofilaria immitis (34 microfilariae in 1 mL of blood) was observed by the modified Knott test. The mean length and width of the microfilaria were 240 ± 8.72 and 5.4 ± 0.33 µ, with the straight end of the tail. A blood sample from Dehloran City and two samples of Sirvan were positive, and PCR results revealed a specific band at 155 bp in length. Two samples of Ilam City and one sample of Sarablah City were positive for Acanthocheilonema reconditum, and an amplicon with a length of 155 bp was observed.

The frequencies of infection with Dirofilaria immitis and Acanthocheilonema reconditum in Ilam Province were 2.6% and 3%, respectively. In the present study, infected dogs were reported from the cities of Sirvan, Sarablah, and Ilam, whose regions experience moderate winters without serious cold temperatures.

Menopause and diabetes are associated with significant increase in the expression of inflammatory markers in respiratory system. In the present study, we investigated the simultaneous effect of swimming exercise and treatment with genistein on the lungs of ovariectomized diabetic rats. In this experiment, sixty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups. Healthy control: (sham), ovariectomized female rats: (OVX) (rats that underwent bilateral ovariectomy), ovariectomized diabetic group: (OVX.Dia) (ovariectomized rats that were fed with high-fat diet), ovariectomized diabetic group treated with swimming: (OVX.Dia. Exe) (8 weeks of swimming training), ovariectomized diabetic group treated with genistein: (OVX.Dia. Gen) (8 weeks genistein administration, 1 mg/kg /day, s.c.), ovariectomized diabetic group treated with genistein and swimming exercise: (OVX.Dia. Gen.Exe). To induce diabetes, the diabetic groups received a high-fat diet for four weeks. The studied groups did swimming exercise or received genistein for eight weeks. At the end of the experiment, the lung tissue was removed under anesthesia and the amount of IL1β factor in the lung tissue was analyzed by western blot technique. The amount of IL1β factor in ovariectomized and ovariectomized diabetic rat was significantly increased compared to the control group. Genistein treatment and swimming exercise in ovariectomized diabetic rats decreased the amount of IL1β factor in the studied groups compared to the ovariectomized diabetic group. Swimming training and genistein treatment ameliorated expression levels of inflammatory biomarkers (IL1β) in the lung of ovariectomized diabetic rats.