جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "male" در نشریات گروه "دامپزشکی"

Prostate cancer is a very common cancer in men, affecting approximately 1.40 million men worldwide in 2020. To improve the quality of life and survival of both animals and humans, effective therapeutic approaches have been developed and evaluated using animal models. The rat model of prostate cancer induced by a multi-step protocol that consists of a sequential administration of flutamide, followed by testosterone propionate, then the administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, and finally subcutaneous implantation of tubes filled with crystalline testosterone, is one of the most frequently used for prostate cancer research. However, the lack of standardization in procedures for prostate cancer induction, sample collection, and analysis represents a challenge for researchers. To address this issue, we aim to provide investigators with a detailed, step-by-step guide to implementing a rat model of prostate cancer, based on our extensive experience in this field. First, we briefly review the prostate cancer-induced protocols found in the literature, then we provide a detailed description of the prostate cancer rat model implemented by our team. After, we explore the rats’ prostate monitoring during the experiment protocol through imaging modalities, such as ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. We also describe animal welfare monitoring based on a table of humane endpoints, as well as data collection, such as biological variables and prostate samples. In sum, this article will ensure the quality of results and enable their comparison among different researchers using this rat model.

Surgical sterilization is a widely accepted method for mitigating the birth of unwanted dogs and reducing the incidence of reproductive diseases. However, the sterilization of domestic dogs has sparked debate among veterinarians and owners about its effect on urinary parameters. This study aimed to investigate the short-term impacts of surgical sterilization on urinary parameters in healthy adult sexually intact male and female dogs. Ten healthy adult sexually intact mongrel dogs (5 males and five females) weighing 15 to 20 kg participated in this study. This study only included those who were at least 1-year-old to ensure they had reached sexual maturity. If a dog's urine sample is abnormally colored or turbid, has a pH greater than 7.5, and is confirmed to have a positive bacterial culture, it will be excluded. Physical, CBC, and biochemical examinations such as measuring blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Cr) concentrations and urinalysis (including to determine urine pH and specific gravity (USG) measurement, calculation of the urinary protein to creatinine (UPC) ratio, and dipstick evaluation) were performed on each dog. After sterilization surgery, the dogs underwent physical, CBC, biochemical examination, and urinalysis at least 15 days later. Urine samples were collected by cystocentesis and stored at 4° C for analysis. After being centrifuged at 3000 g for 5 minutes, the urinalysis was conducted within 4 hours of collection. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) between the mean BUN and Cr, UPC, USG, and urine pH before and after ovariohysterectomy and castration. The study found castration and ovariohysterectomy did not short-term impact urinary parameters in healthy adult sexually intact male and female dogs. However, it is uncertain how sterilization affects urinalysis results in sexually intact dogs, and more research with larger sample sizes is necessary to determine the impact.

The hair goat of Anatolia is a breed that has adapted to rugged and mountainous areas and is known to be very resistant to diseases. As the world faces the problem of climate change, we believe that knowing the hematological characteristics of hair goats will provide great benefits for goat breeding. This study was performed to determine possible differences in the blood parameters of adult (male and female) hair goats during and out of the breeding season. For this purpose, blood samples were taken from clinically healthy adult male and female hair goats (n=36, 3-4 years old) in the spring and autumn seasons. Regarding the whole blood, white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), mean red blood cell volume (MCV), mean red blood cell hemoglobin (MCH), average red blood cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) values were determined.  In the study, MCV values in males were not significantly (P≥0.05) different between spring and autumn, while all other parameters showed significant differences (P≤0.05). In females, WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct, and RDW blood values were higher in the autumn (estrus period) than in the spring (anestrus period), and the differences were found to be significant (P≤0.05). Comparing males and females between the estrus and anestrus seasons, WBC and MCHC were found to be significantly different (P≤0.05) between males and females in May. In contrast, the difference between other parameters was not significant. In October (estrus season), the MCV value was not significantly different between males and females; however, all other parameters were significantly different (P≤0.05).  As a result, there were significant differences in hematological parameters of hair goats based on gender and the breeding season.

Moringa oleifera seeds are known for their high protein and vitamin content. Antioxidants are abundant in these seeds. Aqueous extraction was done. After that, an acute toxicity test was performed. The purpose of the study was to see how a graded dose of M. oleifera aqueous seed extracts altered testicular pathology, gonadal and extragonadal sperm reserves in Wistar rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. The rats were A, B, C, D, and E were randomly assigned to five groups with group E serving as the control group. The rats in Groups A to D were inoculated intra-peritoneal with 1× 106 virulent T. brucei brucei, and they were held for one week to demonstrate clinical signs before starting the extract therapy. Every day at 10:00 a.m., the rats were given treatment for five weeks with (75, 100, 125, and 150) mg/kg of M. oleifera aqueous seed extract for groups A, B, C, and D respectively. While the control group E received 0.5 mL/kg of water. For hema-tological indices, blood samples were collected every Monday between 10:00 and 11:00 a.m. All of the rats were humanely sacrificed at the end of the six-week experiment, and their gonadal and extragonadal sperm stores were collected, tested, and processed for histopathology. After treatment, the rats' gonadal and extragonadal sperm reserves (groups A to E) showed a substantial increase (213±1.1a; 221±2.1; 250±0.0c; 259±2.6d; 295±2.6e) × 106 and (115±1.1; 160±2.1; 153±0.0; 167±2.6; 120±0.6) × 106 respectively, compared to control group at P < 0.05 level. Sperm concentration of the right epididy-mis (60.0±1.1a; 90.2±2.1b; 96.5±0.0c; 98.7±2.6d; 69.4±0.6e) × 106 were significantly higher compare to the left epididymis (55.0±1.1; 69.8±2.1; 56.5±0.0; 68.3±2.6; 50.6±0.6) × 106. The PCV (%) and WBC (103/μL) levels in groups A, B, and C were significantly greater following infection than that in group E. Infection with T. brucei at weeks 2 and 3 shows poor semen characteristics, thereafter the semen quality has improved. Moringa oleifera aqueous seeds extract has drastically abridged the impact of trypanosomosis and enhanced the semen quality of the experimental rats.