جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ppr » در نشریات گروه « دامپزشکی »

In the southern region of Iraq, Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) has been identified and diagnosed. The study was done on (300) local sheep breeds of varying ages and sexes exhibiting PPR symptoms, while (25), healthy sheep breeds served as the control group. Additionally, the diagnosis of PPRV was confirmed by PCR. Infected sheep exhibit a variety of clinical symptoms. However, DNA sequencing was used to detect genetic links and genetic variation, and the results revealed a closed genetic relationship with the NCBI BLAST PPRV India isolate (GU014574.1) at total genetic variation (0.02-0.01%). Results indicate a large rise in PCV and ESR in conjunction with leukocytopenia and lymphocytopenia, a significant difference in clotting factor indices, and a significant increase in ALT, AST, and CK. In addition, there was a substantial variation in acute phase response. Postmortem examinations revealed various erosive lesions on the upper and lower gums, severe hemorrhagic enteritis, particularly of the small intestine, and obvious congestion of the lungs. Histopathological changes revealed an obvious flattening of the intestinal mucosa as well as an enlargement of the villi. In addition to a granuloma in the sub-mucosa, chronic inflammatory cells, primarily lymphocytes, were seen invading the mucosa. It has been determined that the sickness was circulating in the southern region of Iraq and severely afflicted sheep, which might result in significant economic losses owing to the detrimental effects of the virus that causes the disease on the various bodily parts.

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) or goat plague is considered a leading, highly contagious, and most lethal infectious viral disease of small ruminants affecting the worldwide livestock economy and international animal trade. Although sheep and goats are the primarily affected, the PPR Virus (PPRV) host range has expanded to other livestock (large ruminants) and wildlife animals over the last few decades, resulting in serious concern to the ongoing PPR global eradication program, which is primarily optimized, designed, and targeted towards accessible sheep and goat population. A systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and spill-over infection of PPRV in large ruminants (bovine and camel) and wildlife. Published articles from 2001 to October 2021 on the "PPR" were searched in four electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, Science direct, and Google Scholars. The articles were then selected using inclusion criteria (detection/prevalence of PPRV in bovine, camel, and wildlife population), exclusion criteria (only sheep or goats, lack of prevalence data, experimental trial, test evaluation, and reviews written in other languages or published before 2001), and the prevalence was estimated by random effect meta-analysis model. In the current study, all published articles belonged to Africa and Asia. The overall pooled prevalence of PPR estimates was 24% (95% CI: 15-33), with 30% in Asia (95% CI: 14-49) and 20% in Africa (95% CI: 11-30). The overall estimated pooled prevalence at an Africa-Asia level in bovine and camel was 13% (95% CI: 8-19), and in wildlife, it was 52% (95% CI: 30-74) with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 97%) in most pooled estimates with a high prevalence in atypical hosts and wildlife across Asia and Africa. Over the last two decades, the host range has increased drastically in the wildlife population, even for prevalent PPR in the unnatural hosts only for a short time, contributing to virus persistence in multi-host systems with an impact on PPR control and eradication program. This observation on the epidemiology of the PPRV in unnatural hosts demands appropriate intervention strategies, particularly at the livestock-wildlife interface.

Pest des petits ruminants (PPR) is one of the important viral diseases of goats and sheep. The viral agent of PPR, Small ruminant morbillivirus (SRM), has been shown to infect several species among domestic and wild ruminants. In order to investigate the occurrence of SRM infection in Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), blood samples were collected from 150 buffaloes (98 males, 52 females) referred to Ahvaz abattoir and their sera were tested for the presence of anti-SRM specific antibody. Sera were tested by Virus Neutralization Test (VNT) in Vero cells, using the live attenuated virus of a commercial PPR vaccine. Based on the results of VNT, 11.33% of the studied buffaloes had anti- SRM antibodies. Statistical analysis of the results revealed no correlation between infection with age and sex. Given the seropsitivity of some of the slaughtered buffaloes for SRM, it can be concluded that Small ruminant morbillivirus has the ability for transition from small ruminants to Water Buffaloes. Therefore, in planning of programs for controlling and preventing the disease in domestic small ruminants, the possibility of SRM infection in other ruminant species, including Water buffaloes should be considered.

Due to the numerous reports concerning the Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in different regions of Iran, the isolation and genetic characterization of native isolates is very important. During 20132014, 168 samples were collected from whole blood, eye, nasal and oral swabs, and lymph nodes of sheep and goats with clinical signs in nine provinces with infected focal zones in Iran. Vero cell line and primary Lamb Kidney cells were inoculated with isolates and observed at least in 5 consecutive passages for cytopathic effects (CPE). The sheep samples from two provinces, created CPE in both kinds of cell cultures. Observation by electron microscopy and confirmation by RT-PCR was used to confirm PPR.

In order to study on small ruminant rinderpest (PPR) in some border areas of Iran, totally 70 blood samples were taken via jugular vein from Kamyaran, Piranshahr, Lahijan, Ghorveh and Bilesavar district, in a tube with EDTA. The sampling was in the flocks located in Iran borders. The samples were sent near the ice container to laboratory. The blood samples included 28 goat and 42 sheep which totally consisted of 45 and 25 female and male respectively. Samples collected from Ghorveh, Lahijan, Billesavar, Kamyaran and Piranshahr were 13, 10, 18, 13, and 16 respectively. In the above mentioned areas, non-specific symptoms of PPR such as high mortality rate, diarrhea that resistant to the treatment, abortion and observation of ulcer in the penis of the male animals were observed. Sampling was not only from suspected animals but also was done with animals with no specific clinical signs (apparently normal sheep and goats). Blood samples centrifuged at 4° C in 3000 rpm for 10 minutes and serum was separated quietly. Buffy coat was used for extracting PPRV (RNA). RT-PCR was performed by using 448bp that is specific for F gene. In the second step, all samples were tested with Nested-PCR. Live attenuated vaccine was used as a positive control in PCR. Statistical analysis of data was done by SPSS and analysis of variance. Out of 70 samples, N=10 (15%) were positive in the PCR tests. The infection in sheep and goat was N=4 (%10) and N=6 (%22) respectively. No significant differences (P>0/05), were observed between the gender and infection. In the age group of less than 1, 1-2, 2-3 and over 3 years-old, infection rate was %14, 5 %34, 2 %12 and %0, respectively presenting no significant difference (P>0/05). The infection rate in Ghorveh, Lahijan, Billesavar, Kamyaran and piranshahr, was %30, %0, %30, %20 and %20, respectively. The analysis showed that there were no significant differences between the flocks in the locations (P>0/05). Other studies are suggested to be done in different borders of Iran to distinguish infection of PPR.