جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "sub" در نشریات گروه "دامپزشکی"

Atrazine is one of the most important and effective pollutants in aquatic ecosystems. The widest sugar cane farms of the Middle East are located in Khouzestan province, Iran. Large amounts of Atrezine are being used in farming on these farms.
The aims of this study were to investigate acute toxicity (LC50 96 h) of atrazine on Barbus grypus and the effects of chronic toxicity with sub-lethal concentration of atrazine on hematological parameters as well.
180 B grypus were divided into 4 equal groups (5, 10 and 20% of LC50 96 h and control). Blood samples were taken on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 of experiment. Hematological parameters including hemoglobin level, hematocrit, and red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and globular indices were measured and compared among the groups.
LC50 96 h was measured 65 mg l-1. Hematological parameters were significantly affected by chronic toxicity of atrazine. Hemoglobin, hematocrit and RBC were decreased at all sampling periods in fish exposed to different levels of atrazine (p0.05). For all samples, WBC value was decreased significantly on day 21 (p Based on the results, it can be concluded that chronic atrazine toxicity adversely affects hematological parameters of B. grypus.

Frequency, percentage and types of abomasal ulcer in different ages and genders were investigated in 326 cows and 569 sheep in Urmia abattoir in 2011-12. The males and females cows and sheep were 212, 114, 178 and 391, respectively. Overall, 29.2% of cows and 13.3% of sheep showed ulcer in the abomasum (P<0.01). The percentage of age distribution in abomasal ulcers with 1, 2, 3, 4 and >4 years in cows was 35.8%, 11.6%, 17.8%, 25.3%, 9.5% and sheep was 3.5%, 12.8%, 33.9%, 34.1% and 54.1%, respectively. Abomasal ulcers increase significantly by the age of cows and sheep (P<0.01) mainly in females more than in males. Overall, cows and sheep aged at 1 and 3 years old, respectively, revealed the highest ulcer in the abomasum. Female and male cows at 1 and 4, ewes and rams at 3 years old, respectively, have had the greatest ulcers in their abomasums. The abomasal types of ulcer in cows were greater than in sheep mainly by increase in the age of cows (P<0.01). Over 24% of cows showed 2 and 3 types of ulcer but sheep revealed only one type of ulcer. The majority of ulcers were in the fundus and the least in pylorus. The histopathological findings confirmed all macroscopic lesions in the abomasums. Type 1 was accompanied by cystic form of abomasal crypts. In type 2 a slight serofibrinos and destruction of abomasal crypt was observed. In type 3 a copious serofibrin around the ulcer and complete destruction of abomasal crypts was seen. Based on the incidence of over twice abomasal ulcer in cows, age outbreaks and various types of ulcers in comparison with sheep, it is concluded that the subclinical types of abomasal ulcers in cows is more common and serious than in sheep and prophylactic programs are recommended.

The effects sub-lethal concentrations of diazinon on some enzymes parameters of kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum, Kamensky, 1901) weighing 613.33 g ± 157.06 g were studied under static water quality conditions at 15 °C ± 2 ºC in winter and spring 2009. The first test was conducted to determine the effects of acute toxicity (LC5096 h) of the diazinon (emulsion 60%) on kutum male brood stocks. For this purpose, 4 treatments were used to test toxicity; each treatment was repeated in 3 tanks with 9 fish per treatment and with 180 litres water capacity. After obtaining the final results, the data were analysed statistically with Probit version 1.5, and we determined the LC10, LC50 and LC90 values at 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours and 96 hours; the maximum allowable concentration value (LC5096 h divided by 10); and the degree of toxicity. The second stage of testing consists of four treatments: LC0= 0 as experimental treatment, treatment A with a concentration of LC1= 0.107 mg/L, treatment B with concentration of LC5= 0.157 mg/L, treatment C with concentration of MAC value= 0.04 mg/L. Male brood stocks of kutum were treated with these concentrations for 45 days. Experiments were carried out under static conditions based on the standard TRC, 1984 method over 45 days. Our results showed that long-term exposure to diazinon causes a decrease in the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cholinesterase (CHeS). In addition, diazinon also causes an increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)(P<0.05). The results indicated that long-term exposure to low concentrations of diazinon causes changes in some serum enzymes of R. frisii male brood stocks.