جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « اسب » در نشریات گروه « دامپزشکی »

Equine viral arteritis is a respiratory and reproductive disease of equines, which is caused by equine arteritis virus. Clinical signs include fever, anorexia, serous nasal discharge, congestion of the nasal mucosa, inter-mandibular lymphadenopathy, conjunctivitis, lacrimation, and less frequently, keratitis. Edema of the prepuce, scrotum, ventral midline, eyelids and limbs occurs because of necrotic vasculitis. Abortion may also occur if pregnant mares get infected. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of equine viral arteritis infection in equestrian club horses of Urmia city in relation to age, sex and breed. Sera from 64 horses (49 males and 15 females), aged 1-19 years, from four breeds of Kurdish, Arab, Turkman and crossbred were tested by indirect enzyme linked immunosrobent assay (iELISA) to detect specific antibodies against equine arteritis virus. The findings showed that 28.1% (95% CI: 17.1-39.1%) of samples were seropositive, 54.7% (95% CI: 42.5-66.9%) were negative and 17.2% (95% CI: 8.0-26.4%) were found to be doubtful. It was also indicated that gender, breed and age of horses influenced 1.601, 0.246 and 0.213% of infection fluctuations respectively. The results of the present study indicate relatively high seroprevalence of equine arteritis virus infection in equestrian club horses of Urmia city.

Brucellosis is a contagious and common disease between humans and animals, which is caused by Brucella species. This disease in horses is mainly caused by Brucella abortus and Brucella suiss species. In equines, this infection is usually accompanied by clinical symptoms. In equines, it is mainly associated with bursitis, tenosynovitis and osteomyelitis. Epidemiological studies of brucellosis in horses are very important. The purpose of this study is to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in horses in the country. The purpose of this study is to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in horses in Iran. Two researchers independently searched internal and foreign databases in order to obtain relevant Persian and English documents. To avoid bias in the study, search, selection of studies, qualitative assessment and data extraction were done by two researchers independently. Any disagreement between the two researchers was investigated by a third person. In the present study, 17 studies with a sample size of 3032 horses were included in the quantitative analysis. The total seroprevalence of brucellosis in horses in Iran was estimated at 3.5% (95% confidence interval, 4.6-2.3). Despite the low seroprevalence of brucellosis in the horse population in Iran, it is suggested to consider the possibility of infection of this animal host in close contact with preferred animal hosts in the country's brucellosis control programs.

Pre-purchase radiographic examinations of horses are very important for the diagnosis of possible disorders.

This study aims to determine the variation and frequency of common disorders of the tarsus in pre-purchase radiographic examinations of horses and assess the effect of age, sex, and type of hind limb (right or left) on the occurrence of these disorders.

In this study, we used the radiographs taken from the tarsal joints of the right and left hind limbs in 110 horses for a two-year period which were requested for pre-purchase radiographic examinations. Among these radiographs, the cases that included the standard position of the tarsal joint were evaluated for the existing disorders and the effect of age, sex, and type of involved hind limb.

The most frequent disorders were osteoarthrosis (32.27 %), osteochondritis dissecans (5.91 %), and soft tissue swelling (1.36 %). The least common disorders were calcification, desmopathy, and tenosynovitis, each with a prevalence of 0.45%. Also, most of the tarsal ​​joint disorders had a mild degree of severity (80 %). The prevalence of disorders was 100 % for horses aged <4 years (4 out of 4) and 49.1 % for horses aged >4 years (52 out of 106). No significant difference was observed in terms of gender (P=0.65) and type of involved hind limb (P=0.17).

Considering the prevalence of tarsal joint disorders in horses, pre-purchase radiographic examination can be very important for predicting the future health and performance of the horse. Therefore, radiographic evaluation of the tarsal joint should always be a part of pre-purchase examinations in horses.

Equine Herpesvirus type 1 is a DNA virus with worldwide distribution which can cause noticeable economic loss. Although this virus is moderately contagious, after shedding, latent infection in the host can be considered as a potential risk for the other horses in the herd. The most important clinical syndromes caused by this virus are respiratory involvment, abortion, myeloencephalopathy and neonatal disease. The current study, using a PCR test on 150 horses in five cities in Khuzestan province (Ahvaz, Shooshtar, Shoosh, Ramhormoz and Mahshahr), reported no positive case about the presence of a DNA virus in the blood of the studied horses. This finding has shown that the presence of this virus in the horses from this region, at the time of performing the test, is justifiable. The results of this study vis-à-vis those of other studies show that the presence of EHV-1 among horses in different studies is very dissimilar. Regardless of the difference between the actual infection rate in different regions and herds, the reason for this disparity is possibly related to the sample type, presence or absence of clinical signs (related to the virus) in the sampled horse, and the laboratory method used.

Sport horses must be able to remain calm in challenging and unpredictable situations, such as all kinds of physical and mental stress. Knowing the normal behavior of horses in sports training will help to control them in the main competitions. Stress is one of the main cognitive factors disrupting the rider's control over the horse. Measuring the concentration of cortisol hormone during exercise can be a good measure to evaluate the intensity of stress in exercise horses. As a result, this study was designed and implemented to investigate the blood cortisol hormone concentration. In this study, 10 polo horses were used before and after the simulated polo match in order to measure the blood cortisol hormone concentration. The serum cortisol concentration was measured using the ELISA method. The average concentration of cortisol hormone before the competition was 3.23+2.05 (deciliter/microgram), which was in the normal range. But after the competition, the mean concentration of cortisol hormone 8.13+1.31 (deciliter/microgram) increased with a significant difference (P<0.05). Although the concentration of cortisol hormone in the horses has increased, which indicates the high stress of these horses, however, these horses did not show severe behavioral reactions during the competition and were completely calm due to continuous specialized training. As a result, specialized training that leads to an increase in the experience of horses in certain environmental conditions can increase the ability of horses to withstand stress and maintain peace.

Respiratory pathogenic beta-hemolytic streptococci in horses, including Streptococcus equi subsp. equi, the causative agent of strangles disease, Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus is an important cause of respiratory disease and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis has been isolated from nasal swabs taken from horses with a history of respiratory disease.

The present study aimed to determine the frequency and risk factors of respiratory tract infections originating from beta-hemolytic streptococci in the provinces of West Azerbaijan, East Azerbaijan, and Ardabil.

During this study, 121 horses with clinical respiratory symptoms were sampled. After performing clinical examinations and recording clinical signs in special worksheets, sampling of the upper part of the respiratory tract was performed using nasopharyngeal swabs. The samples were sent to the laboratory in a standard transfer medium with cold chain.

In this study, out of 121 samples collected from horse breeding clubs from 10 different regions of northwestern Iran, 51 were negative for beta-hemolytic streptococci while the results were positive for the other 70 samples (P<0.001). Regarding the positive samples for beta-hemolytic streptococci, the results of differential cultures were as follows: eight cases of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi, 57 cases of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, and five cases of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis. There was no significant relationship between the frequency of beta-hemolytic infections with variables of gender, race, and geographical area (P>0.05). Meanwhile, the statistical test showed a significant relationship between the frequency of infection with these bacteria and the variable of clinical symptoms (P<0.001). Moreover, the frequency of beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections was significantly associated with age (P<0.05).

The results herein suggested that the bacterial cause of the majority of respiratory infections in infected and sampled horses in the provinces of West Azerbaijan, East Azerbaijan, and Ardabil at the time of sampling was Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus and that this organism is a potential pathogen for respiratory diseases in horses in these provinces.

Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA) is a transmissible disease in the horse population, which caused by RNA viruses of family Arteriviridae. Abortion in mares, lethal pneumonia and enteritis in young foals may occur in infections. The aim of this study was to detection of Equine Arteritis Virus antibodies in horse population of Kerman city and Bojnurd city of Iran for the first time. sera were collected from apparently healthy horses randomly from the horse population of Kerman city and Bojnurd city in the period from Sep to Feb . The samples were examined by indirect ELISA test with commercial kit. The results indicate that the seroprevalence of EAV infection in the region is . EVA seropositivity was not associated with age, sex, breed and keeping system. According to the present study, EVA existed in the horse populated areas of Iran and Therefore, implementation of control programs to prevent EVA outbreaks seems necessary.

Herpesviruses can cause significant economic losses to the equine industry worldwide. Equine herpes virus type 1 (EHV-1) and type 4 (EHV-4) cause respiratory signs, abortion, neonatal death and in some cases distal limb edema and myeloencephalopathy in susceptible horses. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of EHV-1 and EHV-4 infection in club horses of Urmia in relation to age, gender, breed and clinical signs. Sera from 51 horses were tested by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) for detection of specific antibodies against EHV-1 and EHV-4 and data were analyzed by chi-squared, fisher’s exact and logistic regression tests. A total of 9 samples (17.65%) (95% CI: 7.2-28.0) were found to be positive for specific antibodies of EHV-1 and EHV-4. Seropositivity was not affected by age (p=0.593), sex (p=0.651), breed (p=0.874) and clinical signs (p=0.824). Although in regression analysis it was found that odds of infection based on age was increased by 1.51% for every 4 year decrease in age and odds of infection was 1.549% more in females compared with males. Also age, gender and breed of horses explains 0.449, 0.437 and 0.217% of infection rate fluctuations, respectively. In conclusion, the results indicate relatively high exposure of equine herpes virus types 1 and 4 in club horses of Urmia.

One of the most common horse diseases that cause diarrhea and septicemia is salmonella disorder, which is also a reason for economic losses in this type of livestock. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the diagnostic role of ultrasonography in enteritis caused by Salmonella infections in horses.

In this study a sample of 4 to 9 years old hybrid horses (n=9) with the symptoms of clinical fever, intense tenesmus, rectal prolapse, dysentery, and anorexia were gathered from horse riding clubs and traditional farms around the Urmia city. At first, each of the horses underwent ultrasound on the skin of the abdomen to evaluate the thickness of the wall of the small intestines and other ultrasonic parameters, then blood samples were taken from these animals and the samples were sent to the microbiology laboratory for specific tests and definitive diagnosis of the disease. Statistical results were analyzed by utilizing SPSS version 21, T-test, Chi-squared test, and Fisher’s exact test.

ELISA test results demonstrated that 33.3 percent of infected horses had Salmonella Typhimurium anti-body. The relative frequency of horses with chronic diarrhea and/or attenuation affected horses were 100 percent, 66.7 percent, and 22.2 percent, respectively. In ultrasonographic assessment, the mean skin thickness of the small intestine of infected horses was 7.2 millimeters which is a considerable difference compared to healthy horses (i.e. 2.8 mm) (P<0.05).

In general, it can be concluded that the ultrasound method is very useful and effective for the clinical diagnosis of salmonellosis in horses suffering from this disease, and with this method, a quick diagnosis can be achieved.

Horses are economically and emotionally valuable animals in various activities, especially sports. Thus, paying attention to their limb's health and conformation is vital. One of the most common diseases in the limbs of horses is laminitis. Horses with this condition suffer from lameness because it affects laminar tissue. In addition to clinical signs, radiographic criteria are essential for identifying this disease.

It is predicted that examining the effectiveness of quantitative radiographic criteria of the hoof can be helpful in the diagnosis of laminitis. Therefore, in this study, five quantitatively effective factors were investigated before and after hoof trimming to determine the changes in the radiographic diagnosis of laminitis.

A total of 11 clinically healthy horses were used in the current study. Using Marco DICOM Viewer software, lateral and dorsopalmar radiographs from the hoofs of both forelimbs were evaluated for the diagnosis of laminitis using effective quantitative criteria. Using SPSS version 24, paired T-tests were used to analyze quantitative data. P≤0.05 was considered significant.

According to the results of this study, there were no significant differences between the right and left forelimbs after hoof trimming. On the other hand, significant differences were observed in the four following criteria: dorsal thickness between the dorsal surface of the third phalanx and the dorsal surface of the hoof, the angle between the dorsal surface of the third phalanx and the dorsal surface of the hoof, sole thickness, and the ratio of the third phalanx dorsal surface thickness to its maximum length in each forelimb before and after hoof trimming.

During the radiographic examination, the hoof should be positioned in a standard way to diagnose laminitis accurately. However, if the hoof is not trimmed or not trimmed properly, it can interfere with laminitis diagnosis.

Vitamin D as a fat-soluble vitamin is essential for calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and normal skeletal growth and development. Furthermore, association of vitamin D with infectious and non-infectious diseases and malignancies has been shown in a large growing body of literature. However, limited reports about the status of vitamin D in domestic animals particularly in horses are available. In this study blood samples were collected from 160 horses in Yazd and 15 horses in Ardabil area. The sera were analyzed for vitamin D, calcium, phosphorous, magnesium and parathyroid hormone using standard methods. Serum vitamin D was significantly higher in age groups of 1-3 and 3-6 years, first, second and third parity, in Yazd in comparison with Ardabil area and female horses. Also, more than 4 hours of exposure to sunlight had a positive significant effect on blood vitamin D levels in horses. The horse color, breed and pregnancy were not significantly associated with vitamin D concentrations. In conclusion, altitude, gender, more than 4 hours sunlight exposure, parity and age are associated with vitamin D levels in horses, while color, breed and pregnancy had not any effect on this vitamin levels in horses.

Equine Herpesvirus type 4 (EHV-4) is one of the most important world-wide distributions of equine herpes viruses. This virus mainly causes respiratory diseases in this animal. The present study attempted to determine the existence of this virus among the horse population of Khuzestan province. One hundred fifty-one horses kept in a number of clubs in different cities of the province were sampled and they were tested by applying PCR. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 to administer the Chi-square test, logistic regression, Mann-Whitney test and Fisher’s Exact test and the degree of freedom was set on α = 0.05. The results of the study showed that the overall rate of infection with EHV-4 in horses was 16/56% disregarding the host and environmental factors. The results also indicated that age, gender, pregnancy status, history of respiratory diseases, and the history of displacement between the cities of Khuzestan province and the exit from the province did not have a significant effect on the amount of infection (P>0.05). At the same time, the rate of infection of horses in Ahvaz was higher than that of other cities (Shooshtar, Shoosh, Ramhormoz and Mahshahr), but this difference turned out to be significant only in relation to Ramhormoz (lowest infection rate) (P<0.05). The results of the study showed that although the positive cases reported in this study were far lower compared to the previous studies using the ELISA method, the existence of the virus in the horses of the province remained significant.

Recurrent equine uveitis (ERU) is an important eye disease that causes secondary ocular changes such as lens dislocation, glaucoma, and retinal damage as chronic inflammatory lesions become chronic, making it the most common cause of blindness in horses worldwide. Homatropin is used as a mydriatic drug with pupil dilation and ciliary muscle relaxation during acute iris inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Homatropin 2% eye drops on pupil diameter and intraocular pressure (IOP) in healthy horses. For this purpose, 20 apparently healthy horses of cross breed with an age range of 5-14 years and a weight range of 310-220 kg were selected. At each stage, IOP parameters and pupil size were measured before dropping, then repeated 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after the last drop. Data were then analyzed using one-way ANOVA analysis. The present study showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the treatment and control groups in the studied horses to determine IOP and homatropin decreased IOP at 15, 30 and 60 minutes compared to the control group (P <0.05). In this study, the effects of homatropin on pupil diameter were not significant. A supplementary study on the efficacy of homatropin in the treatment of EUR disease in horses with this disease is recommended.

Breeding of horses and equines for different purposes has always been done in Iran and other parts of the world. Golestan province, especially Gonbad Kavos city, is one of the hubs of horse breeding in Iran. One of the biggest problems of keeping animals is infection with all kinds of parasitic diseases.  The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of external and blood parasites of horses and its risk factors in Gonbad Kavus city. This study was carried out cross-sectionally for 6 months on 128 horses with symptoms of external and blood parasites in different areas of Gonbad Cavus was done.  First, the entire body of the animal was examined macroscopically, and after all of them, a blood sample was prepared. The results of the study showed that 100 samples (78.12%) were infected with pirplasmosis blood parasite and there was no other type of blood parasite infection.  generally, the results of the present study showed that the contamination with blood parasites in Kavus Dome is high and worrying and has no relation to age and gender. The level of external parasites shows the high health of horses in the region.

Impingement of the dorsal spinous processes is a common cause of pain and poor performance in sport horses.

This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of impingement in dorsal spinous processes and the correlation between the occurrence of this complication and certain parameters, such as age, height, weight, discipline, breed, neck length, and clinical signs.

In this study, radiographic examination of the spine of 50 horses were performed. The information about height, weight, discipline, breed, neck length, and clinical signs were also collected. Radiographic grading was based on the degree of the changes in inter spinous spaces and their densities (0-4 degrees). The clinical examinations were carried out to evaluate the pain in the spine. Statistical analysis was performed to investigate the correlation between the collected data.

The highest incidence of impingement was seen in the middle thoracic area. There was a significant correlation between the occurrence of impingement and age and the breed of the studied horses. There was no correlation between the incidence of impingement and sex, height, neck length, and weight of the studied horses.  Increased radiographic grade often leads to an increase in the severity of clinical signs. A higher grade of radiographic sign in each horse was indicative of more involved inter spinous spaces.

According to the results of this study, Grade 3 and 4 had high specificity with clinical signs; therefore, preparation of a radiograph of the spine before purchasing a horse could be highly recommended.

The skeletal region and muscle part in every living body of the hemorrhage act as a scaffold and framework,the ability to shape and move the organs is a feature of this area.Any deficiency,sickness and a condition that causes changes in the function of the area can affect the functioning of other organs. In ancient veterinary medicine and its related books,there are various candition and ways to examine the musculoskeletal system.Which has been used for many years in veterinary medicine. in this research ,it is attempted to identify veterinary knoweledge in the history in this regard and to determine the degree of mastery over this topic during veterinary history.In this research,We have tried to determine the level of mastery and knowledge on the morphology of musculoskeletal members(with proper understanding of organs). Dominance,Which unfortunately and generally remains in the pags of historical veterinary books, has not entered a test of modern science.

The horse breeding industry has been very important in the world and Iran for a long time. The skin, as the first defense barrier of the body, is very important in maintaining the health of this animal. However, few studies have been conducted on horse skin lesions and their causative factors in Iran. This study was conducted in order to identify skin lesions of horses in Jahrom city.

By referring to horse breeding centers in Jahrom city, between spring 2019 and spring 2021, one hundred and fifty-eight horses were studied for skin lesions. The location and appearance of these lesions were recorded. Then, samples were taken from the lesions and sent to the histopathology laboratory. Histopathology slides were prepared from the samples and subjected to microscopic study, and the lesions were recorded.

Out of 158 horses studied, 13 horses (8%) showed different skin lesions. Among them, 8 horses were diagnosed with warts in different areas, 3 horses with dermatophytosis and two horses with sarcoid.  

The high rate of skin lesions in the horses of Jahrom city showed the necessity of observing the principles of prevention of factors causing skin lesions in the horses of this city.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is easily transmitted from humans to animals and causes pneumonia, especially in horses. Extensive human vaccination prevents the transmission of the disease to the horse host. The immunogenicity of a vaccine is evaluated by various methods. The aim of this study was to design a test to evaluate the immunogenicity of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine as part of pre-clinical studies of vaccine production. After culturing Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19F in blood agar medium, the obtained colonies were labeled using fluorescence dye. On the other hand, the serum of BALB/c and DBA/2 mice immunized with Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine was collected to determine antibodies with phagocytosis properties against Streptococcus pneumoniae. After proximity of serum dilutions with labeled bacteria, the ability of bacteria to phagocytosis by serum opsonins (opsonophagocytosis) was read by adding mouse macrophage cells by flow cytometry. In both strains, the percentage of cells in the serum that phagocytosed the bacterium decreased with decreasing serum dilution. Opsonophagocytic titers were reported 128 in BALB/c mice and 64 in DBA/2 mice. On the other hand, flow cytometry results were significantly different from the results of manual colony count test (r = 0.89, p≤0.001). According to the results of the present study, the BALB/c strain of mice was a better host to determine the efficacy of the vaccine. Also, using flow cytometry method has more advantages than manual assay method. As a result, the data of this study bring us one step closer to producing an effective vaccine.