جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Goat » در نشریات گروه « دامپزشکی »

Storing spermatozoa in a cold environment decreases spermatozoa metabolism while maintaining sperm fertility. Because of their unique physiological characteristics, sperm cells’ reproductive ability in small ruminants is reduced by cooling. This study aimed to assess the impact of supplementing chilling medium with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on the quality parameters of buck’s semen after chilling at 4°C. Semen was collected, diluted, and divided into five groups with different CoQ10 supplementation concentrations (0, 1, 2, 5, and 10 µM CoQ10). Collected semen were stored at 4°C for 50 h. The motility, mitochondrial activity, membrane integrity, viability, and lipid peroxidation were measured after 0, 25, and 50 h of chilling. According to the findings, different concentrations of CoQ10 had no impact (P>0.05) on semen at time 0 of storage. After 25 and 50 h of storage, supplementing the chilling medium with 5 µM CoQ10 increased (P≤0.05) progressive motility (PM), total motility (TM), viability, mitochondrial activity, and membrane integrity compared to other groups. Furthermore, 5 µM CoQ10 produced less lipid peroxidation (P≤0.05) after 25 and 50 h than the other groups. Adding 5 µM CoQ10 to the buck’s semen cooling medium is an effective procedure for protecting the quality of buck spermatozoa during cooling storage.

Improved reproduction requires understanding the biometry of goats’ female reproductive system.  The present study was conducted to record the biometry of the female genital organs of the Arabia (Arbia) goats in Algeria according to age, body condition score, and pregnancy. A total of 149 reproductive tracts (from 80.54% non-pregnant and 19.46% pregnant goats) from three slaughterhouses were collected and measured. Each organ’s length, width, thickness, and weight were measured using slide calipers and an electric weighing balance. The ages of the fetuses in pregnant goats were determined by measuring their crown-rump length. Analysis was carried out using SPSS software, version 21. The reproductive tract dimensions increase with age, body condition score, and stages of pregnancy. The left ovary’s weight, length, and width showed very significant (P<0.001) increases across age. The measurements of the uterine horn (except thickness) increased significantly (P<0.001) with age. The fallopian tube, the uterine body, and the cervix measures showed significant increases (P<0.001) between the first and third age groups. The ovary and the uterine body dimensions showed highly significant (P<0.001) increases across body condition scores. Pregnancy had no significant effect on the ovary and cervix dimensions. The uterine horn measurements showed significant increases (P<0.05) throughout gestation, and those of the uterine body showed highly significant increases (P<0.001) along the pregnancy stages. This study will provide baseline information on the morphology of the female Arbia breed reproductive system.

Caprine paratuberculosis (PTB) is a progressive, debilitating and production-limiting disease that causes significant economic losses and raises public health concerns. The goal was to study active surveillance and associated epidemiological risk factors of caprine PTB in selected district of Odisha, India. The 818 goats of various ages, sexes and breeds were randomly screened in ten different districts for a year based on history, clinical signs and fecal smear examination using the Ziehl-Neelsen stain, yielding an overall prevalence of 38.75%, with clinical and sub-clinical PTB at 8.06 and 30.68%, respectively. A molecular tool, IS900 polymerase chain reaction, was also used to confirm the disease. With Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) bacilli and endoparasite infections, the majority of affected goats (69.08%) were low shedders. Puri coastal district had the highest prevalence (52.29%) followed by Sambalpur (48.61%), while Khordha had the lowest prevalence (26.41%). Caprine PTB was more common in goats over 2 years old (51.23%), in the Ganjam breed (42.30%), in females (39.17%) and in goats housed on earthen floors (55.83%) according to chi-square analysis. The current study concluded that higher (30.68%) observations of subclinical PTB were cause of real concern due to its insidious spread as well as its zoonotic significance with potential human consequences, which requires immediate attention at all levels. Because of the public health importance of this hidden killer disease, the current findings would be useful in developing a roadmap for implementing prevention and control policies, prompting provision for adequate funding with elaborative research.

The aim of the study was to establish the ultrastructural organization features of the gallbladder mucous membrane of an Anglo-Nubian goat. The material for the study was the gallbladder wall’s fragments of an adult Anglo-Nubian goat. Further processing of the obtained samples was carried out according to generally accepted methods. Ultrathin sections were photographed in a Jem-1011 electron microscope at magnifications of 2500-3000. It was found that the gallbladder mucous membrane of an Anglo-Nubian goat is formed by the epithelial layer and its own lamina. The epithelial layer is represented by a single-layer prismatic epithelium, which cells lie on a dense basement membrane. Their nuclei are light, with clear contours. The cytoplasm contains many small mitochondria, vesicles, a small Golgi complex, short cisterns of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, polyribosomes, and rare lysosomes. The apical surface of epithelial cells forms microvilli, and the cytoplasm of the apical pole of cells contains many electron-dense secretory granules. The secret of the latter is excreted into the lumen of the gallbladder, forming a thin layer of glycocalyx on the surface of the epithelium. The lateral surfaces of the cells in their apical part are interconnected by tight contacts. The lamina propria is formed by loose connective tissue containing many blood vessels and nerve fibers.

Semen contamination is a detrimental factor in decreasing fertility. Seasonal changes may affect the contamination, too. 

This study was designed to detect semen contamination in ovine and caprine during different seasons. 

Six fully mature male sheep and goats were subjected to electro-ejaculator collection twice monthly from February 1, 2022, to January 31, 2023 (Spring, February 1, 2022-April 30, 2022; Summer, May 1, 2022, July 31, 2022; Autumn August 1, 2022, October 31, 2022; Winter November 1, 2022, January 31, 2023), for studying the seasonal effect. A total of 288 semen samples were collected from both species (36 samples from each per season). All samples were subjected to bacterial isolation and identification. 

The results indicated that sheep semen had 4 different types of bacterial contamination with a higher number in contaminated samples than goat, which showed 5 different bacterial isolations. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in bacterial contamination with regard to different seasons. 

Different seasons appear not to affect bacterial contamination of semen in sheep and goats. Meanwhile, isolating all bacteria types was considered normal flora in both small ruminant species.

Borrelia species are spirochetes transmitted by ticks that are important in human and animals. In most countries, there is still no molecular epidemiology of borreliosis in ruminants. This study was aimed to evaluate the existence of Borrelia spp. DNA in the blood samples of small ruminants using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. To detect Borrelia spp. DNA, about 1,018 ruminants (456 goats and 562 sheep) blood samples were examined from different bioclimatic regions in West Azerbaijan province, Iran. The DNA extracting and PCR were conducted. In sheep, the following prevalence rates were respectively obtained for the 16S rRNA, 5S - 23S rRNA and ospA genes: 3.55% (20/562), 2.13% (12/562) and 0.88% (5/562). And so, the prevalence rates of the genes in goats were 0.87% (4/456) for 5S - 23S rRNA gene, 1.75% (8/456) for 16S rRNA gene and 0.65% (3/456) for ospA gene. The prevalence of Borrelia spp. was significantly different in small ruminants based on the farms and localities. The sheep and goats in humid areas (north of West Azerbaijan) were infected statistically more than those in sub-humid areas (south of West Azerbaijan). It is demonstrated that host species like sheep and goats may have a key role in natural Lyme disease cycles and other borreliosis diseases in Iran.

Osteodystrophia fibrosa (ODF) is a metabolic disorder affecting the skeletal system, causing progressive loss of calcified bone mass and its replacement with fibrous tissue, which may be a sequel to primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism. This report intends to document the clinicopathological findings of ODF in a flock of young goats fed primarily on a wheat bran-rich diet.

Case description: 

In a flock of 50 stall-fed goats aged 1 to 2 years, seven were clinically presented with bilateral facial enlargement, leading to dyspnea and difficulty in prehension and mastication. Among the seven clinically affected goats, four died in 2 months.

Findings/treatment and outcome: 

The clinical examination revealed bilateral mandibular enlargement and limb deformities. On radiography, the maxilla and mandible had decreased radiopacity. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) from the affected bones showed occasional fibroblasts and individual osteoclasts clusters. On necropsy, the enlarged mandible revealed a meaty consistency. Undecalcified histological sections of the mandible showed severe osteopenia, multiple osteoclasts, Howship’s lacunae, and extensive fibroplasia. Dietary corrective measures led to the prevention of ODF in the rest of the flock.

Excessive wheat bran feeding in stallfed goats might have led to calcium and phosphorus imbalance, resulting in nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism and subsequent skeletal deformities. FNAC of the affected bones, gross and histological findings provide a clinicopathological diagnosis of ODF.

The genetic diversity of Brucella strains has not been fully understood. To investigate this, the genetic characteristics of 64 isolates of Brucella melitensis from sheep and goats’ milk were studied using random fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA-16) methods developed in Orsay, France (MLVA-16Orsay). The RFLP analysis revealed that all 64 isolates were of biovar one. The MLVA-typing showed that one sample was simultaneously infected with two strains of B. melitensis and the genotype of 65 isolate was analyzed. Four genotypes (47, 42, 43, and 63) were identified using MLVA-8 (panel 1), whereas six genotypes (138, 125, 116, 108, and two unknown genotypes) were identified using MLVA11 (panels 1 and 2A). From the review of MLVA-16 (panels 1, 2A, and 2B), panel 2B showed a very high discriminatory power. Two loci of Bruc04 and Bruc30 from this panel had diversity index values higher than 0.71 and the average diversity index was 0.619. So MLVA-16Orsay 34 showed the genotype indicating a low genetic homogeneity among the isolates. The findings of MLVA genotyping of the isolates suggest that strains of B. melitensis isolated from the milk of small ruminants in Iran are most closely related to the isolates from neighboring countries of the Eastern Mediterranean group. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to indicate the potential use of MLVA genotyping for simultaneous detection of specimen contamination using two different B. melitensis biovars.

World Organization for Animal Health has listed bluetongue (BT) under notifiable diseases. The BT is an arboviral infectious disease of domestic and wild ruminants caused by the bluetongue virus (BTV). Southern states of India had remained the point of attention for BT since first presence in 1964 in Maharashtra. Recently, northern states of India have also been reported positive for BTV in small ruminants. The present study reported the dual infection of BTV serotypes, BTV-12 and -16 in sheep population from Sirsa district of Haryana in the year 2016. After detection and serotyping with Seg-2 specific real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the Seg-2 and Seg-6 of BTV were PCR amplified and sequenced. On phylogenetic analysis it was detected to be clustered in nucleotype G and nucleotype B specific for BTV-12 and BTV-16, respectively. This was the first report of BTV-16 from Haryana. The results signified the co-infection of two different serotypes in an animal from a single outbreak.

Neospora caninum is a causative agent of abortion, stillbirth, and birth of weak neonates in wild and domestic mammalian species. The purpose of this seroprevalence study was to detect N. caninum in goats and farm dogs at the central Zagros region. This high altitude region is a mountainous, semi-humid and cold region with average rainfall. For this purpose, blood samples were obtained from 384 goats and 30 farm dogs and the existence of antibodies against N. caninum was determined using the commercial indirect ELISA method. The goats were divided into three age groups: less than one and a half years (54 heads), two to three years (163 heads), and more than three years (167 heads), with positive cases confirmed in 12, 40, and 50 heads, respectively. The seroprevalence of N. caninum was determined to be 26.56% which the highest rate was belonged to the age group of more than 3 years compared to other age groups. In the last thirty years, Neosporosis has been one of the causes of abortion in ruminants and in the present study, it was found that out of 5 female goats with a history of abortion, 3 had antibodies against Neospora caninum. In addition, 43.3 percent of farm dogs carried antibody against Neospora caninum, which may explain the role of domestic carnivores in Neosporosis epidemiology.

The herein research was carried out in order to identified the presence of bacteria inside prepuce cavity of male caprine in both mature and pubertal age with focusing on Klebsilla and E coli species. Eighty prepuce swabs (fifty form mature and thirty from pubertal age) before slaughtering and cultured on blood agar and nutrient agar, bacterial isolation were identified with biochemical teats and finally by PCR. The present study found a significant difference (p < 0.01) between the prepuce swabs from caprine mature age (64%) and pubertal age (40%). Six various microorganisms were detected in prepuce samples in mature age, while four types were isolated from pubertal age. Positive isolation swabs detected the presence of Staphylococcus aurues, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus faecalis in both ages. Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumonia was isolated from mature age only. Significant isolation (p < 0.01) was appear of Escherichia coli among all different bacterial types. This research deduce that there was that the presence of bacteria inside prepuce of male genital system in both mature and pubertal age and their where a balance between genital immunity and localization of these bacteria and any stress factor may be lead to infection with such microbes, more over the mature male had more bacterial types due to the male matting behavior, finally the E. coli normally found in prepuce cavity as a normal flora of both ages and the Klebsilla species also found in mature age as a non-specific bacterial types.

Pyrethroid insecticides target voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) that are essential for electrical signaling in the nervous system of insects. Three-point mutations at the corresponding amino acid sequence positions M815I, T917I, and L920F located in domain II conferring the knockdown resistance (kdr) are the most important mutations in pyrethroid-resistant lice worldwide. In addition, six new mutations have been reported in the extracellular loops IIS1-2 (H813P) and IIS5 (I927F, L928A, R929V, L930M, L932M) in the α- subunit of the sodium channel in lice. The aim of this study was to detect alleles resistant to pyrethroids in the domain II (S5-S6) of the VGSC gene in goat biting louse. Goat biting lice were collected from five provinces in the west and northwest of Iran. Genomic DNA was extracted from goat biting lice and Bovicola (Damalinia) caprae species was confirmed by amplifying the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COXI) gene. A fragment in the domain II (S5-S6) of the VGSC gene was amplified using the specific primers and the resultant polymerase chain reaction products were sequenced. Substitutions T917I, L920F, I927F, L928A, R929V and L930M were identified in the examined sequences. The results showed that all the examined lice had at least one mutation in their VGSC gene associated with pyrethroid resistance or new mutations. The presence of these mutated alleles in the VGSC gene may be due to the long-term and multiple use of pyrethroids against arthropods. Thus, the molecular detection of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in goat chewing lice can help plot a kdr frequency map to enact effective policies to control caprine pediculosis.

This study aimed to identify Sarcocystis species isolated from macroscopic sarcocysts of naturally infected sheep and goats using histopathological and molecular studies. A total of 260 macrosarcocyst samples were randomly collected from 1,337 infected sheep and goats slaughtered at different abattoirs in Duhok province, Iraq, from May 2021 to June 2022. The macroscopic cysts, which were found in the esophagus, diaphragm, and abdominal muscles, were classified into fat and thin cysts. Histopathological examination of the observed fat and thin cysts showed a thick eosinophilic wall, several internal septa-forming compartments enclosing numerous bradyzoites, and mild mononuclear inflammatory cells infiltrating around the cysts. The 18 Subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) and 28 Subunit ribosomal RNA (28S rRNA) genes of Sarcocystis spp. were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from 200 macrosarcocysts samples. Molecularly, the DNA sequencing results obtained from fat macrocysts of sheep and goats were found to be identical to Sarcocystis gigantea, and from thin cysts of sheep proved to be similar to Sarcocystis medusiformis, while from thin macrocysts of goats were found to be identical to Sarcocystis moulei. Alignment and phylogenetic analysis observed a very close relationship between identified species of Sarcocystis and other Sarcocystis DNA sequences of sheep and goats across the world. To our knowledge, this is the first histopathological and molecular study for identification of Sarcocystis spp. isolated from different macroscopic forms of sarcocysts of sheep and goats in Iraq.

The schistosomus reflexus (SR) etymologically refers to an abdominal and or thoracic cleft with eventration of viscera. This pathology is a rare and lethal congenital syndrome in calves, lambs, and goat kids. This condition is likely caused by various factors such as endocrine, metabolic, hereditary, and teratogenic in the first third of gestation, leading to disorders in embryonic development. In this report, a 3-year-old female Alpine goat was examined with a history of dystocia. The presence of an abnormal dead goat kid exposed to the abdominal viscera was detected in the birth canal and delivered successfully with gentle intervention. In the gross pathological examination, signs of the abdominal fissure, visibility of viscera, placement of viscera in a membrane, ankylosis of the limbs, hypoplasia of the right hind limb, inversion of the hind limbs due to inversion of the spine, pulmonary hypoplasia, lack of diaphragm formation and cleft palate were recorded. According to the gross pathology, SR was diagnosed. The present report shows the occurrence of SR in an Alpine goat kid.

A number of Mycoplasma spp., often referred to as the Mycoplasma mycoides (Mm) cluster can produce respiratory tract infections in goats; however, only Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp) is considered to causecontagious caprine pleuropneumonia.

Isolation and identification of M. capricoluum subspecies capripneumoniae and M. arginini from the pneumonic lungs of slaughtered goats and their association with pathological changes.

Lungs of 2000 goats slaughtered at an industrial abattoir in Mashhad, Iran, were examined for the presence of gross pneumonic lesions. Fifty affected lungs were selected for pathology, culture, and molecular (PCR) studies for the presence of Mycoplasma species. DNA was extracted from lung tissue samples and replicated using genus and species specific primers for Mycoplasma.

Grossly, consolidation and dark red to grey discoloration in the cranioventral to caudal lobes in fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia and rubbery texture associated with rib impressions on the costal surfaces of the diaphragmatic lobes in interstitial pneumonia were observed. Histopathologically, bronchointerstitial pneumonia in 40 (80%), and fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia in 10 (20%) of affected goats were diagnosed. The evidence of Mycoplasma growth such as turbidity and Mycoplasma colonies on the Mycoplasma agar plates was observed in 2 (4%) of samples. Genus-specific Mycoplasma DNA was identified in 11 (22%) of samples. Of them, 3 (6%) and 3 (6%) of tissue lung samples were positive for M. capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae and M. arginini, respectively, by PCR.

Our results showed that M. capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae and M. arginini were the two agents that can involve lung consolidation and pneumonia in goats.

Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp) is the etiological agent of caprine contagious pleuropneumonia (CCPP) disease. The CCPP is one of the most severe diseases of goats. A herd of 2,000 goats located in the countryside of Tehran city, Iran, was examined for the study in August 2021. In history taking, observation, inspection and clinical examination, high case fatality rate (46.00%) due to respiratory distress and high morbidity of pleuropneumonia (15.00%) syndrome were recorded. Accordingly, ten carcasses of goats were dissected. The epidemiological pattern of the disease, clinical examination findings and the signs of necropsy of dead patients were suspected to CCPP. Four lung samples of necropsied goats were sent to the laboratory for PCR test and in all of them, Mccp was detected and CCPP was also confirmed. The disease was controlled by two measures: (a) the whole herd was first treated with antibiotics (florfenicol and tylosin) and (b) then the Pulmovac-In vaccine was then administered. This study is the first documented report of CCPP occurrence caused by Mccp in Iran and shows the importance of availability of effective vaccines to control and prevention of CCPP.