جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « broiler chicks » در نشریات گروه « دامپزشکی »

During the modification of several races, which has been done on chickens, there have been several changes in the function of neural pathways and receptor density involved in the control of food intake and appetite. Melanocortin system and its receptors are involved in the central regulation of nutritional behaviour and energy balance. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the role of this system in the central control of food and water intake in birds.

The present study aimed to evaluate the role of MCR3 and MCR4 receptors in controlling the food and water intake in birds.

This work was performed on 48 Ross 308 broiler chicks through two experiments (each experiment in four groups). Primarily, stereotaxic surgical guide cannula was implanted in the chickens. Subsequently, in the first experiment, the chickens were divided into the four following groups: the control solution, 0.2, 2, and 10 nmol/5µl of SHU9119 (Non-selective antagonist of MCR3 and MCR4 receptors) In the second experiment, the chickens were also divided in four groups: the received control solution, 0.2, 2, and 10 nmol/5µl of MCL0020 (Selective MCR4 receptor antagonist) via intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection. Afterwards, cumulative food and water intake were measured at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes after the injection.

The results of this study showed that ICV injection of SHU9119 and MCL0020 increased cumulative food intake (P>0.05), but did not affect cumulative water intake (P<0.05).

According to the findings herein, central melanocortin system is one of the systems involved in central control of food intake in birds.

Silver has long been known for its antibacterial properties. In fact, silver nanoparticles, due to the release of silver ions, show such properties against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and are widely used as additives in poultry diets. Regarding the antibacterial effects of this compound, research has shown contradictory results that do not indicate beneficial antibacterial effects. For this study, 240 one-day-old male chickens were divided into six groups with four replications. The experimental groups were: control diet (without additives), diet containing 10 ppm of the antibiotic avilamycin, diet containing 400 ml of silver nanoparticles per ton of feed, diet containing 800 ml of silver nanoparticles per ton of feed, diet containing 400 ml of silver nanoparticles per cubic meter of drinking water, diet containing 800 ml of silver nanoparticles per cubic meter of drinking water and to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles on growth factor and body efficiency and some blood and serum parameters and microbial population of the device Digestive (ileum) of broiler chickens and comparison of antibacterial and growth stimulant effects with avilamycin antibiotic.The results showed a significant increase (P <0.05) in monocytes and chicken feed consumption and an increase in Clostridium population and a significant decrease in triglyceride concentration in the 800 ml group of silver particles in the diet and water (P <0.05), but its effect There was no significant effect on chicken weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Contrary to popular belief, silver nanoparticles are not suitable as a growth stimulant additive to control harmful bacteria in the poultry digestive tract and strengthen the immune system, increasing the feed conversion ratio of broilers.

This study was aimed to study the effects of virkon S on microbial load indices of poultry meat and internal organs. 180 broiler chicks were divided into three equal groups. The first and second groups received 250 g and 500 g of virkon S per 1000 liters of water for 10 consecutive days, from 31 days to 41 days, respectively, and the third group received no combination in the water. To evaluate the effect of virkon S on the population of Escherichia coli flora on meat, heart, and liver, poultry were sampled from these organs at the end of 42 days and their microbial status was evaluated by culture and enumeration of E. coli. The results showed that virkon S at concentrations of 250 and 500 g per 1000 liters of drinking water for 10 days could reduce E. coli population and microbial load of meat, heart, and liver of poultry, significantly. Therefore, according to the findings of this study, the use of virkon S in broiler chickens' drinking water can improve the hygienic quality of poultry meat.

Ninty nine broiler chicks from Ross 308 strain at 21 days of age were randomly divided into three treatments and each treatment was divided into trireplicates and each replicate containing 11 chicks. The chicks were recieved water and three different diets with the same energy and protein levels free up to 42 days of age. Feed intake, weight, feed conversion ratio and mortality were calculated at the end of each week. At the end of the study, blood samples were collected and the different parts of the carcasses were separated and weighted. Experimental group 1 (Corn and barley-based diets (barley level 22%) and soybean meal, β-glucanase 2,600 IU/g, β-beta glucanase 1800 IU/g and cellulase 500 IU/g) had the highest production cost. There were statistically significant differences between experimental groups respected to proventriculus (P=0.002), abdominal fat (P=0.031), liver, gizzard and intestine ratio to alive weigh and average percent of carcass, breast and the thighs (P<0.0001). The highest carcass percent was observed in experimental group 2 (Receiver of corn, barley, β-xylanase 2200 U/g, β-glucanase 200 IU/g, cellulase 100 IU/g and pectinase 100 IU/g). The different groups showed no statistically significant differences in term of total protein and uric acid (P>0.05). However, the groups 1 showed statistically significant differences decreases for glucose and albumin in comparision to other groups (P<0.05). The findings of this study showed that the group that received lower levels of β-xylanase, β-glucanase and cellulase, with adding of pectinase, had better performance and lower production cost, which indicates a decrease in the effect of anti-nutritional factors on the recipients of this enzymatic complex.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation apple vinegar on parameters and performance of broilers. A total of 200 one-day old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were divided randomly to five groups with four replicates and 10 birds in each. All groups were fed with diets based on soy bean meal, corn and wheat. The treatments were including basal diet plus: 1- 0% Vinegar (negative control), 2- 0.01 % Avilamycin (positive control) 3- 0.4% Vinegar 4- 0.8% Vinegar 5-1.2% Vinegar. The amount of feed intake, body weight gain and feed efficiency were recorded and calculated weekly. At d 21 and d 42, two birds from each replicate were selected randomly for taking blood samples from wing vein. After the separation of serum of blood samples, the amount of Cho, Trig, HDL, LDL, Calcium and Phosphorous were measured. The result data showed that, Vinegar supplementation of feed decreased serum Cho, Trig, and LDL and increased HDL (P<0.05). While there was no significant effect of apple crude Vinegar on Ca2+ and P.

Today, the use of antibiotics is limited as a growth promoter. Silver has been known for its antimicrobial properties over the past, and it is said to increase its antimicrobial properties by decreasing the particle size to nano scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of silver nanoparticles on immune system and blood lipids and microbial population of broiler chickens and compare it with flavomycin. A total 312 day-old broilers (Arbor-Acre Plus) were used in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments diets and 4 replicates per each replicate. The nano-silver solution (2000 ppm) was used in 400 and 800 cc per ton diet or 1000lit water to prepare treatments. Two treatments with and without antibiotic (flavomycin 500g/t) were considered as control groups. Number of monocytes increased significantly in birds received diets or drinking water containing 800 ml silver nanoparticles (p< 0.05). Different levels of silver nanoparticles in diet or drinking water had not significant effects on concentration of cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) of serum and coliform bacteria in the ileum. But the number of cholestridia in the ileum of birds received 800 ml silver nanoparticles in diet or drinking water increased significantly (p< 0.05). The results indicate that silver nanoparticles are not suitable for using as feed additives to encourage immune system and control pathogenic bacteria in broilers gut. Further studies are needed.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of congenital anomalies in hatched broiler chickens of broiler breeder flocks at the end of the incubation period. For this purpose, hatched broilers from three broiler breeder flocks (Ross 308) were thoroughly inspected in hatchery from March to September 2016. After the incubation period, the hatched broilers of farms were recorded and the hatching chicks were graded for apparent complications and then recorded kinds of congenital anomalies. Data were analyzed in a completely randomized design with GLM (SAS 9.1) and Duncan test. During a period of 6 months. Among the hatching chicks examined, 1740832 normal chicks (96.88%) and 56031 chicks with congenital anomalies (3.12%) were observed. Eighteen types of congenital abnormality were identified for abnormal chicks. Stargazing (30.31%) and cross beak (27.43%) were the the highest abnormality. whereas small eyes (0.12%) and extra fingers (0.08%) had  the lowest abnormality. The effects of six -months period were significant (p<0.05) on average percentage of congenital anomalies. so that, March with 4.87% and September with 0.47% had the highest and lowest frequency of abnormality, respectively. The results of this study showed that genetics and management factors were the most causes of congenital anomalies.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of threonine on microbial carcass with use of 450 numbers of broiler chicks of the Ross 308. The chicks randomly are allocated to five experimental treatments and six replications (15 chicks in each replicates) in a completely randomized design. The experimental diets are including different levels of threonine with five levels of 90, 100, 110, 120 and 130 percent of the recommended Ross 308. The findings of the study shows the effect of experimental diets on microbial carcass in female and male broiler are (p 0/05). In dilution (-1) most level microbial carcass in treatment 90 ٪Threonine became observation, where with treatment 110 ٪threonine are significant (p

Despite the fact that immune responses, influenced by dietary nutrients but feed formulation is mainly based on the productive responses, so the immunity indexes were ignored.
This was carpeted out study to determine the effects of diets formulation based on different expression systems of energy and amino acids of feeds and requirements on performance and immune responses of Arian chicks.
A total of 1440 Arian chicks were fed Eight diets that arranged in a 2×2×2 factorial design with 2 systems of energy expression (AMEn and TMEn), 2 methods of amino acids content of feeds (TAAF and DAAF) and 2 methods of amino acids requirement (TAAR and DAAR) from 1 to 42 days of age. Each treatment was replicated six times with each replicate consisting of 15 males and 15 females.
The results showed that when the Feed formulation was based on TMEn and DAA, the productive parameters increased compared with AMEn and TAA (p Selection for increase the growth rate in poultry, improve metabolic and physiological processes in order to the use of the feed. Therefore lower proportions of nutrients will be allocated to other vital systems. However the most suitable of immune responses were belonging to treatments were fed diets which were set based on AMEn and received high level of amino acids. There is a negative correlation between immune responses and productive parameters. It is recommended that in normal conditions use of TMEn and DAA system and in stress conditions of AMEn and DAAF×TAAR to feed formulation.

This investigation was conducted to study the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae، Mannan oligosaccharides and beta-Glucan on performance، meat quality and blood parameters of broiler chicks. The experiment was performed on 180 one day old male broiler chicks of Ross 308 strain in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments consisting of 3 replicates with 12 broiler chicks per each. The treatments included a control treatment (basal diet)، beta Glucan (Mycosorb) (0. 05 percent of diet)، Bio-Mos (0. 1 percent of diet)، Neomycin (0. 02 percent of diet)، Saccharomyces cerevisiae live yeast (0. 1 percent of diet). Results showed that conversion ratio in grower period had significant effect in Mannan oligosaccharides treatment (2. 13±0. 05) (P<0. 05)، but treatments had not significant effect on body weight gain، feed intake، and feed conversion ratio in experimental period. Among the physical characteristics of the drumstick، Mannan oligosaccharides treatment had most adhesiveness (0. 35±0. 18 mj) and springiness index (0. 55±0. 04) (P<0. 05). Beta-glucan had maximum adhesiveness (0. 26±0. 10 mj) (P<0. 05) in breast meat. In chemical composition of the drumstick meat، percent of protein influenced by adding of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae compared to other additives (24. 37±1. 34) (P<0. 05) and percent of fat composition of drumstick meat significantly decreased (3. 62±0. 79) in beta-glucan treatment (P<0. 05). Percent of protein in breast meat increased (27. 74±1. 39) by adding of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (P<0. 05) and percent of dry matter (25. 81±0. 34) of breast meat significantly decreased in Mannan oligosaccharides treatment (P<0. 05). The serum cholesterol، glucose، triglycerides and LDL concentrations had decreased in the treatment with beta-glucan (P<0. 05). In conclusion، the results of this study showed that use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae، Mannan oligosaccharides and beta-Glucan can improve the physical and chemical characteristics of meat and blood parameters.

In order to investigate the effect of different levels of the additive containing Artichoke premix concentrated (APC) on growth performance, serum cholesterol level, carcass characteristics and immune responses of broilers two separate trials were conducted. In the first trial, APC was added at three levels of 0, 100 and 200 gr/ton diet during the first 21 days of growing period. One hundred and fifty unsexed day old broiler chickens of Ross strain were randomly divided in three groups with 5 replicate of 10 chicks in each cage, by a completely randomized design. At the end of each week, the birds were weighed individually and feed conversion ratios calculated. In order to determine serum cholesterol level, at day 21 blood sample was taken from 15 chickens per treatment. At the end of the 42nd day, 5 birds from each group were randomly selected and slaughtered for investigation of carcass characteristics. In the second trial, the effects of APC at 150gr/ton feed were studied on growth parameters and immune function of broiler chickens in a commercial farm. The results showed that application of APC in a level of 200 gr/ton diet significantly increased body weight of chickens at the first (p

Essential oils (EO) are antimicrobial compounds، but may be beneficial under unfavorable nutritional and environmental conditions. Essential oils produced in Iran are of comparable quality to imported ones.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Orego-Stim (Essential oil based on Oregano; 0. 5 g/kg; imported) and Anti-Biophin (Essential oil based on Thyme; 1 g/kg; local) essential oils on performance and precaecal digestibility of nutrients in broiler chicks fed barley-corn based diets with and without b-glucanase (0. 05 g/kg).

At the beginning of the second week of rearing period، 192 chicks of mixed sex were allotted into six groups of four replicates with eight chicks per replicate according to a 2×3 factorial experiment arranged as a completely randomized design.

Inclusion of Orego-Stim or Anti-Biophin in barley based diets caused a significant (p<0. 05) improvement in total feed conversion، final body weight and nutrients digestibility، without a significant effect of b-glucanase addition to the diets. The type of essential oils (imported vs. local) did not affect the measured characteristics.

Feeding broiler chicks with barley based diets، supplemented with essential oils، decreased the anti-nutritional effects of barley grains in these diets and improved broiler performance، without the need to supplement the barley-based diets with b-glucanase. Because of the lack of any significant difference between the imported and locally-produced essential oils، and the higher cost and scarcity of the imported EO، domestic products such as Anti-Biophin at recommended levels can replace the imported ones.

In order to study the effect of alphamune and biomin on the immune response against killed avian influenza vaccine، three hundred day-old chicks were randomly divided into 4 equal groups and each group divided into 3 subgroups. Chicks of group 1 only received basic feed، groups 2 and 3 received basic feed plus alphamune 0. 5 kg and biomin 1kg per ton respectively. Group 4 chicks received only basic feed. Groups 2، 3 and 4 vaccinated with killed avian influenza vaccine subtype H9N2 at 9 days old subcutaneously on the back of the neck. Blood samples collected from 15 chicks of each group via wing vein، before of vaccination، 20 and 35 days after vaccination. Blood serum samples collected into microtube and kept in freezer up to test. Antibody titer against killed avian influenza vaccine was measured by hemagglutination –inhibition (HI) test with 4 HA unit influenza antigen. The data were analysed with SPSS version 16. The results of present study indicated that، blood serum antibody mean titer against influenza vaccinein group receiving biomin (3. 98) was higher than group receiving alphamune (3. 85) at 35 days after vaccination but the difference with vaccinated control group was no significance. It was concluded that، adding alphamune and biomin in the feed of broiler chicks could not affect immune response against killed avian influenza vaccine.

in this experiment, the effect of consecutive oral levamisole usage on cellular and humoral responses of broilers immune system was evaluated. The aim of this experiment was to determine the best level of levamisole for stimulating immune system of broilers. The experiment was conducted by 250 day old (male and female) broiler (Ross) chicks with an average live weight of 40.2g. Effect of zero (control L0), 3.5 (L3.5), 7 (L7), 14 (L14) and 28 (L28) mg/l of levamisole in drinking water from 5 to 25 days under randomized design using a factorial experiment with 5 replication were studied. Cellular immune responses were assayed by PHA-P injection in the skin fold of wings (day 15) and thickness of skin were measured after 24 and 48 hours. Sheep Red Blood Cell (SRBC) 25% were injected in the breast muscle in days 7 and 21 to investigate humoral immune responses, and IgG titer against SRBC was determined in days 7, 14, 28, 35, and 42 by agglutination test. Cellular immune responses to PHA-P in treatments containing 7 and 14 mg/l of levamisole (0.272 and 0.205, respectively) were significantly affected (p<0.05). IgG titer against SRBC in treatment containing 14 mg/l of levamisole (6.16) was significantly higher than other groups (p<0.05). Carcass trait of broiler chicks were not affected by different level of consecutive oral levamisole (p>0.05). CONCULUSIONS: The low level (up to 14 mg/L) of consecutive oral levamisole promotes cellular and humoral immune system responses of broiler chicks.

Perlite is among silicon volcanic stones and posses a neutral pH and had been admitted in the chemical direction of food. An experiment was conducted to study the effects of perlite on morphology of villi in the small intestine of male broilers. The experimental design was arranged as randomized complete bocks in 4 * 2 factorial arrangement of treatment. 120 male broilers of Ross commercial hybrid (Ross 308) was designated into 2 groups (control and treatment). 3 replicates of 20 birds were assigned to each treatment. Control treatments were fed base diet and treatment with the same base diet plus 2% perlite. Animals were slaughtered and different segments of small intestine(at1,10,30,50,70 and 90% of total length the small intestine) were taken from each replicates (N=2). Morphology of villi was measured and recorded. Data were analyzed by SAS (P

Ascites syndrome is an abnormal increase of non-inflammatory transudate in one or more of the peritoneal cavities or potential spaces. Ascites syndrome is considered as a main problem in broiler raising industry. Hypoxia is the factor for increase pulmonary blood pressure because of ascites syndrome in broilers. In this study, 120 pieces Ross variety broilers and 120 pieces Arbor-acres broilers were divided into two groups involving three with forty parts repetition. Raising conditions such as temperature, hum density, nutrition, vaccination and water were the same. In order to increase sensitivity broilers to ascites syndrome, pellet and cold stress were applied. For doing so, from 7 un days 16ºc was applied, then temperature reached to 22ºc and fixed until raising period. Ascites syndrome incidence rate in Arbor-acres chicks was more than Ross chicks. Hematocrite parameter was increased in Arbor-acres chicks from third weeks relative to Ross broilers it is meaningful in 35th day (p<0.05). At the end of 42 days period, there is a no meaningful difference in hematocrite between two groups. There is a meaningful increase in growth of Arbor-acres broiler relative to Ross in weeks 4&6 (p<0.05), So, a meaningful difference was not considered in conversion coefficient between both breed.

Three-hundred and twenty 7-day-old Ross 308-strain broiler chickens were fed diets containing 0 or 125 ppb aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) from 7 to 28 days of age. Sodium bentonite (0.5%), yeast (Saccharomyces cervisiae) 0.2%, hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) (0.5%), ammonia (0.5%), formycine (0.1%), and toxiban (0.1%) were added to the basal diet, as fed basis to determine the effects of these additives against aflatoxicosis. Diet free from aflatoxin, and diet containing aflatoxin (negative control group) were considered as comparison groups. Broiler chickens were divided into 32 groups of 10 with similar mean ± SD weight of 90 ± 0.64 g. Each experimental diet was replicated 4 times during 21 days. Body weight gain, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, daily and weekly feed intake, relative weight of organs (liver, intestines, heart, proventriculus and gizzard) and total serum protein were recorded. Relative weight of organs in chickens fed with diet containing AFB1 alone were significantly greater (P<0.01) than that of those fed with other diets. Their body weight gain, daily weight gain, total serum protein concentration, however, were significantly lesser (P<0.01) compared with those fed with other diets. Experimental diets decreased the relative weight of organs in chickens fed with diets containing aflatoxin along with any of the experimental diets as compared with the negative control group. The feed conversion ratios were higher in chickens fed with diets containing aflatoxin. On the other hand, chickens receiving various additives in their diets showed an increase in body weight gains, serum total protein concentration and an improvement in the feed conversion ratio when compared with the negative control group (P<0.01). Generally, addition of the above compounds made an improvement against negative effects of AFB1 in broiler chickens. Formycine was recognized to be the best additive in this respect.