جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « آمریکا » در نشریات گروه « روابط عمومی، ارتباطات، رسانه »

A review of the world revolutions of modern times suggests a gradual shift away from their initial ideals and goals. The experiences related to these revolutions indicate that with the introduction of intellectual, ideological and cultural patterns and with the presence of agents from the rival and hostile countries organized in artistic, cultural, economic, academic, political, etc. groups, a network of domestic supporters was gradually created, who were fascinated or intimidated by aliens in different ways. On the other hand, the infiltration strategy has always reduced the hegemonic system’s spending and has provided an apparently rational image of it. In this strategy, dialogue and interaction technique is publicized instead of conflict and clash, but the military option is never taken off the diplomacy table. Following a two-sided outlook, this article, first, reviews the infiltration literature in Western resources. Then, it evaluates the religious approach to the infiltration issue. Benefiting from the teachings of the Quran and the guidelines of the Supreme Leader, the article mainly examines the objectives and attempts of the hegemonic system to infiltrate into the Islamic Republic of Iran, as well as its confrontation strategies.

A look at the historical course of America’s practical logic against the Islamic Republic of Iran as well as the current policies of this country suggests the U.S. has the options of controlling the Islamic Republic in domestic and international arenas on the table in the post-JCPOA period. In fact, evidence suggests that the hegemonic system seeks an opportunity to take full advantage of the political and economic environment resulting from JCPOA and reinforce its plots against the Islamic Republic of Iran, the issue represented by the term ‘infiltration’ and as a strategic option of the enemy against the Islamic Republic in the statements of the Supreme Leader. In this article, an attempt will be made to analyze the strategic aspects, objectives, and options designed by the enemy to infiltrate into the Islamic Republic in the post-JCPOA period considering the policy actions and the declared positions of America and the Western think tanks.

Psychological operations is an instrument used to demoralize an opponent, force him to surrender and to strengthen friendly forces. Immediately after the occurrence of the Islamic Revolution, this instrument was utilized against it. Following the end of the Imposed War, Iran's nuclear technology hit the news headlines of the media and caught the attention of research centers as well as security-intelligence services of the West, particularly those of the United States. Since then, America has always utilized Iran's peaceful nuclear program as a pretext to panic the public opinion and the governments of the region and the world. America's efforts in this area are mainly based on the application of psychological operations to increase efficacy rather than on the existing realities. Finally, the psychological measures of the U.S. caused Iran's nuclear case to find its way to the UN Security Council and become one of the most important foreign policy issues of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the recent years. Relying on library data and media news, this research work seeks to explicate and clarify America’s PSYOPs methods against the Islamic Republic of Iran. The growth of America’s using psychological operations to increase public concern in the future is an issue that the Islamic Republic of Iran needs to consider in its media measures.

At present, the media (satellite, the Internet, television, radio, newspapers, etc.) are utilized as a basic tool to apply pressure and impose the policies of the great powers and a global competition has taken shape in the media battlefield. A major part of delegitimizing operation engineering is media propaganda and psychological operations which leads to the inaction or failure of the opponent without making use of military forces and fire fighting. Media warfare carried out with the aim of soft overthrow seeks to knock down the thought system of the target community so that its thought and cultural foundations may be slackened and the governing political system can be destabilized by propaganda bombardment. The present-day mass media send out subjective and unreal worlds to the people. They do not think of transmitting factual information but rather attempt to fabricate “facts” and represent them. The methods utilized to fulfill this include: creating and reinforcing multiple communication channels, especially in the language of the target country; shifting cultural-political values and ideas toward the global norms; capturing the public opinion in the target country slowly, gradually and continuously and controlling and manipulating it in the short run and running domestic and international media and news debates. Accordingly, reviewing the specific functions of the media in soft war, the present article explores the role and function of Radio Farda, Voice of America and the dependent Persian TV channels in the soft war against the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The present article is aimed at a comparative study of the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran and America and a comparison of its different aspects in the Western Asia. In line with this, the theoretical framework of soft power, offered by Josef Nye, served as a suitable and comprehensive conceptual framework for the analysis of the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran and America and the tools and constraints of the soft power of the two countries in the region. To sustain and increase their influence, the world and regional powers have constantly tried to manage the changes in global and regional systems. The Western Asia, as a region with geopolitic and geostrategic importance, is of great significance in the dealings of the global system and its changes draw the attention of great powers including the USA. Hence, the US as a hegemonic state and the Islamic Republic of Iran as an anti-hegemonic government attempt to control and manage the changes in this strategic region using their soft power potentials. In view of this issue, the present article examines and evaluates the attributes and sources of soft power in general and the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran and America in particular. Following a comparative view and methodology in studying the soft power of Iran and America will make a substantial contribution toward a detailed understanding of the role and standing of the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Western Asia.

Over two decades have elapsed since the collapse of the Soviet Union which spent about half a century opposing the West led by America. The conflictbetween the two superpowers during the aforementioned period is known as "Cold War". The disintegration of the Soviet Union as a superpower without firing even a bullet is still the subject of many research projects as the structure of the strategies and techniques utilized in this incidence are thought-provoking. Today, the same methods are still observed in the policies of the hegemonic countries against other nations. Expansion of the concept of Cold War gradually led to the growth of “soft war” in the new setting of international conflicts. Focusing on the last decade of the former Soviet Union, the present article looks into the strategic and technical approaches the United States utilized to confront its rival, the confrontation which led to the dissolution of socialism and its structural manifestation.

The nature of the PEJAK terrorist group is among the topics which has not been sufficiently inquired into by researchers. Hence, the literature on this topic isn’t rich enough. This group, which is a branch of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (P. K. K), has failed to secure a place for itself neither among the people of Kurdistan nor the Kurdish groups and parties. Even the international backers of this group such as America, Germany and the Zionist regime avoid supporting it overtly. In fact, this group does not enjoy the least socio-political legitimacy. Drug trafficking, armed robbery and other crimes committed by this group make it look more like a criminal group than a political party; hence, the practices of this group seem to be more related to the field of organized crime than politics. Nonetheless, given that the enemies of the Islamic Republic of Iran attempt to take political-security advantages of this group, researchers need to delve more seriously into its origin and behavior. Examining the formation and behavior of this group, the present article attempts to find out and introduce some of the covert aspects of the conspiracy of the West, America and the Zionist regime in supporting and directing this terrorist group.

Compared with the past, today's world is marked with an increase in the importance of nations’ soft power and their ability to create profound, gradual and subtle changes in the beliefs system, lifestyles, political standing, and social attitudes and preferences of target audiences by making use of soft threats. Soft threats refer to a wide range of actions and social, political, and cultural measures which the nations having high communication technologies utilize to impose their will on others. Today's threats mainly have a soft nature. The enemies of the Islamic Revolution prefer to utilize soft threats since they are less costly, affect the soft aspects of national authority, don’t employ violent methods, and …. The present study is an attempt to carefully review and analyze the soft security threats in the Islamic Republic of Iran, particularly those related to the period between the tenth presidential elections and the present time. This research has been conducted on the basis of the descriptive-analytical method and by making use of library and Internet resources.

Threats against the Islamic Republic of Iran can be divided in two types: hard and soft threats. Giving priority to either type of threat poses a different kind of security strategy for decision-makers. Following a discussion on the concept of soft war, its standing, applications and examples in international relations and its utilization by major powers including the U.S. against the Islamic Republic of Iran, the present study proves the hypothesis that the strategy of the enemies of the Islamic Republic of Iran is currently based on nonmilitary measures and soft threat along with military action. By following such measures, the enemy mainly attempts to weaken the Islamic Republic of Iran and increase its military and security costs.

Following the victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, the West felt it was being threatenedby its cultural impacts and made every possible attempt to alter the structure of the Islamic Republic by making it change its behavior. However, the policies and management strategies of the great leader of the revolution, Imam Khomeini (rah.), and the Supreme Leader, Imam Khamenei, as well as the resistance of the Iranians made the attempts of the hegemonic system fail. Accordingly, feeling threatened by the Islamic Republic, the West followed every possible action ranging from hard, semi-hard to soft measures in order to overthrow the Islamic government in Iran. Taking advantage of the international, regional and domestic potentials, the U.S. imposed the heaviest pressures on Iran by carrying out the Delta Project and media battle. The context of elections in Iran and the existence of a favorable background for their activities made the West utilize the Internet to accomplish their goals. The present study attempts to deal with this question: “What is the role of the enemy’s utilization of the Internet in the unrests following the elections in Iran?” The findings of this study suggest that the measures taken in cyberspace, launching and supporting various blogs and websites and taking advantage of the web 2 are all indications of the hegemonic system’s full use of the Internet in the unrests following the presidential elections in Iran and its impact on training their agents, providing information for them, coordinating them, running psychological operations, etc. It can be said that the Internet has been of a special interest for the West due to its multimedia function and wide range of potentials and capabilities which are not confined by the time and space boundaries. This has caused the Islamic Republic of Iran to pay a special attention to the Internet, too and take a serious approach towards it.

Today¡ soft power is regarded as an influential power dynamic in the foreign policy of countries. Governments invest considerably in order to give a favorable impression of themselves. All countries desire to be evaluated positively by others. Therefore¡ they try to reinforce this favorable impression and avert creation of negative impressions. There is not a unique understanding about the meaning of hard and soft threat. Some conceive hard threats as non-military threats such as environmental dangers¡ crimes¡ corruption¡ etc. and have eventually found hard tools and procedures suitable for hard goals and soft tools and procedures for soft goals. This article aims at examining the concept of hard and soft power within the environment of the Islamic Republic so that the approaches and outlooks may get closer and an Iranian conception of these two terms may be attained.

This paper aims to recognize and to predict the methods of the US psychological operations in the future wars with an emphasis on the deceive operations and also to propose some ways of coping with these. Therefore¡ using a descriptive method¡ the paper has benefited from the advantage of experts'' views on the field. Also it needs to mention that all required data and information are gathered by documentary method and finally to do a field research¡ 200 military commanders and the heads of cultural divisions of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps are questioned as the group of sampling.