Optimal PMU placement for maintaining full network observability during single outage of lines

Nowadays, the optimal application of phasor measurement units (PMUs) in power systems is increasing because of their advantages such as the capability for dynamical state estimation and improvements in the speed of control and protection systems. In this paper, a new method is presented using binary integer linear programming for the optimal placement of PMUs to guarantee full observability of a power system. Moreover, the problem of the optimal placement of these units in the case of a single line outage is investigated. In all of the investigations, the effect of zero-injection buses in the power system was considered. The ability of the proposed method in solving any of these problems was demonstrated by applying to the 14-, 30-, 39-, 57- and 118-bus IEEE standard systems, 42-bus transmission network of Esfahan Regional Electric and also two very large-scale systems with 2383 and 2746 buses. The simulation results verified the effective and appropriate performance of the proposed method in comparison with other methods.