The Study of Effective Atmospheric Parameters on the Southern Caspian Sea Level Fluctuation (case study)

One of the most striking phenomena in the Caspian Sea is the sea level rise. Sea level fluctuation is due to climatologically changes, regional precipitation, water evaporation, temperature, wind stresses, surges and geomorphology changes in the sea bed, alteration in atmospheric transport pattern as well as human activities such as construction of dams on the major rivers. More meteorological studies of Caspian Sea region as well as advanced watershed and ocean modeling must be used in order to predict the sea level fluctuation with acceptable results. In this research the variation of evaporation and precipitation in five coastal stations of south Caspian Sea from 1993 to 2008 has been studied and determines what are the effects of precipitation and evaporation in Caspian Sea fluctuation during this pried. The mean calculated evaporation in this period is about 922.9 mm. It is less than the mean calculated evaporation for long term period that is about 1007 millimeter/year. Mean calculated precipitation in this period is about 1292.6 mm. It is higher than mean calculated precipitation for long term period that is about 1221 millimeter/year. So in southern Caspian Sea, the increase of precipitation and the decrease of evaporation have an important role in sea level rise in recent years. The statistical index and correlation between atmospheric parameters are also determined and discussed in this research.