Investigating the Phase Behavior of Medetomidine Hydrochloride, Ketamine Hydrochloride and Sevoflurane in the Presence of Ethanol and Propellant

In this paper, the phase behavior of mixture of sevoflurane (Sev), medetomidine hydrochloride (Med), ketamine hydrochloride (Ket) in the presence of ethanol and propellants (Propane or HFC134a) is investigated and optimal formulations consisting of drug, solvent (ethanol), propane or HFC134a were achieved. For this purpose, firstly, the phase behavior of various components of the formulation was examined in different temperatures. According to the results, the optimized drug formulation with highest possible concentration of drugs (in w/w%) having single phase behavior was determined. Thus, optimized formulation of Med 5% in propane, Med 10% in HFC134a and Ket 1.5% in propane and HFC134a have been obtained. Addition of Sev to the formulation afforded optimized formulation of Med 4% - Sev 54% in propane, Med 3% - Sev 35% in HFC134a and Ket 2% - Sev 19% in propane and HFC134a.