Coral reefs Fragile and threatened ecosystems,and assessment of oil platforms artificial reefs

Coral reefs are classified in Coelenterata & Cnidaria phylum. They are primitive Eumetazoa that have special adjectives and distinct tissues. These ecosystems provide good places for nutrition and breeding of many marine species including invertebrates and vertebrata (algea, marine grasses, sponges, mollusca, crustacea, fishes, etc…). In these ecosystems biodiversity is noticeable and for this reason they are very important. With regarding to high important of these ecosystems for preserving of biodiversity and fragility of them against destructive factors and environmental pollutants, and also because of very long time, approximately more than hundred years, are needed for creation of coral pulipes, protect of these shelters is very important. These important ecosystems are affected and destructed by many environmental crisis that occur by human, like: The pollution due to oil compounds, agricultural and industrial sewages, global warming, climate changes, tourism distractive activities, over fishing, coastal development, etc…It is essential that, before occurrence of inexpiable impairment due to destruction of these beautiful and fragile ecosystems, crises points must be recognized and manage for preserving. If these ecosystems be distracted, because of many species in the coral reefs are renewable with delay or unrenewable, if so environmental favorite condition be existing, at least 500 years is needed for restructuring for them. Creation and development of artificial reef (Ekoreef) is one of the most important strategies for preserve and restoration of coral reefs. Today artificial habitats are notable in the world. Most countries located in the offshore regions have paid attention to this opinion and in this way have restored damaged regions and increased marine products as well. Ekoreef is a structure like natural habitat that is located in seas for positive effects in exploitation from sea and without negative effects on environment. With regard to ending the products of oil fields in many countries, oil platforms are gradually increasing. Reuse of the segments of these platforms in the coastal regions is a part of ultimate potential designs of coral reefs that are named Ekoreef opinion. The design of platform located in the sea is dependent on the purpose of coral creation. Assessment of socio-economic and environmental effect of Ekoreef is necessary before applying it.