A Review and an Introduction to the Architectural Spatial Structure of Field Hospitals

Any country that does not think of defense issues, is deemed to destruction because it causes the diminishing of its power against that of other strong countries. One way to strengthen and secure the power parameters is to consider the passive defense issue as much and as good as possible. One of the priorities of discussing the passive defense, especially in the field of architecural design, is the discussion of the architectural design of mobile and safe field hospitals to serve the wounded at the time of crisis. A (mobile and safe) field hospital is a kind of hospital used at the time of crisis. These hospitals serve both as a support to city hospitals and in operational theaters as a temporary treatment unit. Field hospitals are primarily used to provide basic treatment services and rescuing the wounded, at most, at average- level surgical services. One of the main differences between a field hospital and other buildings lies in optimum utilization at the minimum level and volume and that a field hospital acts as a canal and conduit and the wounded needing more treatment will be sent to other more equipped treatment centers. The size and amount of the field hospital space shoul be in a way that their users can perform their routine and planned activities in the minimum sapce provided with acceptable efficiency when under intense attack These spaces should meet the functional requirements for long term period. This article is intended to identify these spaces through reviewing and introducing the architectural spatial structure of mobile and safe field hospitals and to extract their architecural design requirements. Until this structure is not extracted with respect to the threat conditions and the principles of passive defense, the measures taken in this regard, are flawed and can not meet the requirements. In this research, we have made use of researchdescriptive methods and library and internet research tools and the views and experience of experts, as well.