Brain Tumor as a Late Outcome of a Child with Nephrotic Syndrome - Is There Any Association with Immunosuppression?

The association of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome with some malignancies has been reported. We hereunder report a child with focal segmental sclerosis who presented with brain tumor eleven years after renal presentation. A 16- year-old boy presented with nephrotic syndrome since was 5 years old. He was a steroid responder at first but became steroid dependent after subsequent relapses. He received cyclosporine for two years and then mycophenolate mofetil was added for three years. After that, he received losartan and enalapril. Four years later, he developed glioblastoma multiforme. He passed away two years after surgical resection and chemo-radiotherapy. The occurrence of brain tumor after immunosuppressive therapy in this child might be a late sequel or a coincidence. This might be an alarm for using immunosuppressive agents more cautiously.