Inhibitory Effects of Essential Oils of Allium hirtifolium, Salvia officinalis and Kelussia odoratissima on Meloidogyne javanica and to Extract of their active Substances

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are important group of plant pathogens that have extensive hosting range and are caused for significant damage to agricultural products annually. Various management strategies of control on nematodes has been used، but the application of plant products is one of the promising methods for nematode control. In this study، inhibitory effect of essential oils of Allium hirtifolium، Salvia officinalis and Kelussia odoratissima was evaluated in vitro. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was applied to identify the main components of the essential oils of Kelussia odoratissima and Salvia officinalis. The principal constituents of Kelussia odoratissima oil consisted of Z-ligustilid (54. 11%)، (Z) -3-butylidene-phthalide (14. 37%) while those of Salvia officinalis oil was -Thujone (32. 8%) and 1، 8-Cineole (12. 8%). Evaluation of allicin within shallot with HPLC method was 1. 5 µg/mg. Second juvenile mortality percent after 24h of exposure extract and egg hatching inhibition percent after 7 days was assessed. Six concentrations of each oil were utilized each in six replications. All plant essences have significantly reduced population of this nematode. Shallot oil in 2000ppm، showed more than 90% mortality of juvenile and more than 30% (toward control) in inhibition egg hatching. Essential oils of Kelussia and Salvia in 4000 ppm showed more than 50% mortality of juvenile and 30% inhibition egg hatching. The results demonstrated that the essential oils of these plants particularly، oil of shallot can be considered as potential protectants against root-knot nematodes in tomato.