Electrically Conductive Adhesives: From Fundamental to Recent Developments

Electrically conductive adhesives have recently received a lot of attention by the researchers as a potential substitute to lead-bearing solders. The two main classifications of electrical conductive adhesives based on conductive path are isotropically and anisotropically conductive adhesives. The main application of isotropically conductive adhesive is in electronic industry. Studies in the field of conductive adhesives have shown that these matrials have numerous advantages compared to traditional solder technology in better environmental operation، lower process temperature، more flexibility and simpler processability. To achieve electrical conductivity، the volume fraction of conductive filler in an ICA must be equal to or slightly higher than the critical volume fraction that is called percolation threshold. In this paper discussions are extended to electrical conductivity mechanism in conductive adhesives، different matrices of conductive adhesives and conductive fillers، their effects on the electrical conductivity of conductive adhesives، and developed methods in electrical conductivity processes.