Neologism and the effect of word knowledge on translational equivalence in Arabic and Persian

Language is an expandable and generative phenomenon which can cooperate with other new sciences and expand the scope of its terms. Arabic and Persian also are not exceptional from this principle. Therefore, in the light of word knowledge by which one can recognize the creativity and capabilities of a language, knowledge of new terms (or neologism), and the manner of their formation can be obtained and then applied for finding equivalence in translation. To achieve this goal, the present study aims to show how one can use morphology knowledge for translation in Arabic and Persian texts. Accordingly, focusing on scientific texts, the aim is to show the importance of word formation knowledge and its effects on finding the suitable equivalent for neologism mostly derived from English. To achieve this goal, different processes of compounding and derivation and various types of borrowing used for the equivalent formation are analyzed and compared in these two languages. The results show that among many various equivalence processes, compounding and derivation are more common. However, Arabic uses derivation, infix, more than Persian. Also, among different processes of compounding, genitive and adjectival kinds are used more than other types of it.