An Analysis of the position of Iranian scholars in the Ottoman pan-Islamism Based On Ottoman Documents

Pan-Islamizm or Islamic union was the main principle of foreign and local policies of the Ottoman Empire in the second half of the nineteenth century coincided with the era of Abulhamid II. After failing Ottomanizm theory “of Creating Ottoman nationality”, that was based on reforming movments from Tanzimat to first Constitutional (1839-1876); Ottoman statesmen and intellectuals were shifted to Pan-Islamism policy. According to Ottoman government officials, the Sunni and Shia unityhad had an important role in implementation of this policy. Many Iranian including intellectuals and scholars who live in the lands of the Empire such as Istanbul and the Holy Shrines, whether those scholars inside Iran, for various reasons, political, social and religious, supported Pan-Islamism thoughts and diplomacy with the centerality of the Ottoman caliphate. Interests and activities of the Iranian elite to get rid of colonial domination and Fighting against domestic despotism, were Two important factors that Iranian leaders follow for aligning to align with the idea of Islamic and approval of Ottoman Sultan caliphate.This paper reviews the importance and status of the Iranian elite intellectuals and religious scholars in Abdul Hamid II. Pan-Islamizm and various aspects of this policy among the Iranians.