A Review on Feed and Feeding of Goldfish (Carassius auratus) at Different Life Stages

Goldfish as an ornamental fish is generally kept in aquarium throughout the world as well as Iran. Therefore more attention should be paid to their nutritional and environmental needs. The present study was carried out based on previous studies done by researchers in Iran and abroad to provide the best procedures for feeding of such valuable species. Researches have demonstrated that selecting a proper nutritional allotment has been ignored in culturing such valuable species. Few studies were done regarding choosing an appropriate nutritional allotment for goldfish. They indicated that feeding goldfish with live food such as Artemia and Nematod has a higher survival at larvae stage. Also, the allotment with an equal live food and pelleted food was considered as a beneficial food for juveniles, because a mixture of live food and pelleted food leads to a higher growth for such fish. In addition, live food (such as Gammarus) supplies the required carotenoid for colored pigmentation. Consequently, researches concerning the nutritional needs of goldfish and the effect of feeding with live food on growth parameters of such fish seem to be of importance.