Spatial Pattern Determination of Biodiversity Threats at Landscape Level (Case Study: Golestan Province)

Mapping spatial patterns of potential biodiversity threats is one of the important steps for effective conservation planning and activities. To determine the spatial patterns of threats in Golestan province، 12 criteria in four main groups including structural (fractal coefficient of perimeter، circularity ratio of area، average slope)، compositional aspects of biodiversity (presence of species at risk)، non-biological threats (distance to city، distance to village، distance to road، distance to infrastructure، distance to agricultural land، soil pollution، risk of fire) and isolation (Nearest Neighbor Index) were used. These data layers were digitized in GIS environment and were weighted through Analytical Hierarchy Process. A weighted linear combination was then used to map the spatial pattern of biodiversity threats in the province. Compositional aspect (0. 59)، non-biological threats (0. 23)، isolation (0. 11)، and structural aspect (0. 07) were relatively weighted in the order of importance. Central parts of the province and patches in the northern and southern parts were recognized to be more exposed to biodiversity threats. The central parts of the province were mostly threatened by urban، industrial، road and agricultural development، whereas the northern and southern parts were recognized as areas of conservation importance having a variety of threatened birds.