Skin moisturizers

The function of the horny layer of the skin as a barrier is to protect the underlying tissues from infection, dryness, and mechanical stress. Disruption of this function results in increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and is associated with conditions like atopic dermatitis and other chronic skin diseases. Moisturizers have been shown to improve these conditions through restoration of the integrity of the stratum corneum, acting as a barrier to water loss and replacement of skin lipids and other compounds. Also, moisturizers are commonly used to reduce fine lines and make the skin appear smooth and soft. They contain varying combinations of emollients, occlusives, and humectants to achieve their beneficial effects, and there are an overwhelming number of formulations available.