h. kalantari khalilabad

This study was conducted with the objective of assessing the social and economic approaches employed to accomplish the advancement of urban tourism in the city of Kelardasht.

This applied study took place in two distinct phases during the year 2023 in Kelardasht. The initial phase consisted of extracting the criteria and influential indicators through a comprehensive literature review. The identified factors were subsequently transformed into a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire's validity was assessed using the Delphi method and was distributed among 25 experts and specialists residing in Kelardasht. After incorporating the necessary revisions, the questionnaire was once again distributed to the same 25 individuals. Ultimately, 6 criteria and 27 indicators were established to examine the assessment of development strategies in the economic and social dimensions of tourism. In the subsequent phase, a sample of 384 residents of Kelardasht was randomly selected to evaluate the aforementioned criteria and indicators.The ARAS technique was used for data analysis.

The economic dimension demonstrated an average score of 2.423, which surpassed the social dimension with an average score of 2.272 in the present circumstances within Kelardasht. Following the incorporation of social and economic indicators, the economic dimension will enjoy a comparatively improved state. When employing the ARAS technique to prioritize strategies, the strategy of "providing quality tourism services" [K=0.073828] took precedence, whereas the strategy of "developing tourism infrastructure" [K=0.071228] ranked second in priority.

The development of urban tourism operates as a intricate and interconnected process, wherein the influence of its diverse elements, encompassing investment, infrastructure management, environmental preservation, and the consideration of cultural and social aspects are of considerable significance.

One of the obstacles facing the regeneration of urban spaces is the failure of regeneration projects to resolve the conflicts of the stakeholders, which leads to delays their exploitation for several years. The purpose of this research was to identify the existing conflicts between the stakeholders of "30-Tir Street" and to analyzing about how these conflicts are understood and valued among the stakeholders.

This survey research was conducted with a qualitative-quantitative approach in 2022 in 5 groups of stakeholders and those related to the space of "30-Tir Street" in Tehran. 20 people from the studied population were selected in the qualitative part by purposive sampling and 190 people were selected in the quantitative part by available sampling. Data analysis was implemented using open and axial coding method and mean comparison test and one-way Anova.

64 conflicts between 5 groups of main stakeholders were identified, 41 of which were conflicts of interests and the rest were behavioral, cognitive and normative conflicts. The pattern of stakeholders' encounter with each other in 30-Tir Street" was a bipolar type in which the mayor and stallholders were on one side and residents, shopkeepers, pedestrians and other stakeholders were on the other side. A significant difference was observed between the perceived conflicts between the stakeholder groups (p=0.001).

"30-Tir Street" project is a kind of gentrification of the public space for the function of urban tourism and is not concerned with preserving the originality and cultural identity of this urban texture. In this program, only the interests of tourists and citizens whose purpose is to have fun and spend their free time have been taken into account and the original identity of Street has been ignored.

In this research, the quantitative and qualitative of the vulnerability of the nonmilitant airports against human threats is being evaluated based on the principles of passive defense. Airports are known to be one of the symbols of development in order for being capable to transfer high capacity of passengers and goods between long distances in the least required time. Non-militant airports are considered as one of the most valuable sources of finance in any country and the slightest deterioration in its function of damage of any kinds would cause substantial loss to the nation. The pattern of the applied research and the methodology of the current research AHP-FEMA technique has been used to analyze. The results show that most are ill prepared. The results prove that air strikes and bombings bring the most damage to the non-militant airports, according  to  the  15  specified  key  assets.  Thereupon  each  of  the  primary  elements  of  the  airport  will  be analyzed.