An Investigation into the Pros and Cons of Icons in Theological Tradition of Christianity

Although the movement of iconoclasm in its Christian context is specifically related to the history of Byzantine art era, which was formed by order of the emperor Leo III and Constantine V, this movement, by itself, indicates a conflict of thoughts. So, the question is what reasons are suggested by the Christian thinkers and intellectuals in support or rejection of icons? This research aims at providing an intellectual and theological grounding in iconoclasm or icon-making in the tradition of Christianity. The study shows that, throughout the history, the Christian thinkers and theologians have investigated the issue of acceptance or rejection of icons for many different reasons. The threat of emergence of idolatry, difference between image and the original entity, the impossibility of representing the Christ, and sanctions on the Bible are among the reasons that caused some scholar to oppose the icons. In contrast, by resorting to some issues such as distinguishing between the two realms of image and representation, taking notice of the purpose and utility of icons, attribution to God's acts and consideration for representation of individuality of Jesus, the pros came to defend the icons.