Developmental stages and phenology of common bean genotypes under normal irrigation and water deficit conditions

Given the importance of phenology in crop growth and development, especially in stressful conditions, this study evaluates the phenological stages and their relationship with the yield production of bean genotypes in seed and plant improvement institute (SPII). The experiments were arranged as split plot based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. Eight bean genotypes (Akhtar, D81083, AND1007, WA4502-1, WA4531-17, COS16, MCD4011, and KS21486) were evaluated under two contrasting moisture regimes (normal irrigation and water deficit conditions). The results showed that days from emergence to R5 (floral initiation), R6 (flowering) and R7 (pod set) stages shortened, while R8 (grain filling), R9 (maturity) and grain filling duration (GFD) took relatively longer time under drought conditions. The situation was not similar for all genotypes. K 21486 line had the lowest vegetative growth period but was also the earliest maturing genotype in both conditions. Under both irrigation conditions, GFD of white beans were longer than the other genotypes. The lowest decrease in GFD due to water deficit was observed in KS21486. Drought in some genotypes accelerated maturity and the others were delayed. Grain yield decreased by 50% due to water deficit. Percentage of yield loss by drought in the AND1007 and D81083 genotypes was the highest and the lowest, respectively. Average grain yield of red beans was higher than the other two groups in both normal and water deficit conditions.