A Comparative Study of the Philosophical Secondary Intelligible in Suhrawardī's and Mullā Sadrā's Views

Resorting to the principle of "anything whose existence implies its repetition is conventional", Suhrawardī regards both philosophical and logical concepts as merely mental, believing that philosophical concepts – just like logical concepts – have both Oruze Khareji and Ettesaf Khareji. On the contrary, later well-known philosophers believe that philosophical concepts, while having Oruze Khareji, and Ettesaf Khareji. Mullā Sadrā first accepts the well-known view, but ultimately comes to the idea that philosophical concepts have both Oruze Khareji and Ettesaf Khareji. Thus, although philosophical concepts have external realizations, they have no concrete existence; rather, they enjoy integrated existence.