Graphene- based nanomaterials and their application in the removal of dyes from aqueous solutio

Environmental pollution is one of the considerable issues that we are encountered by rapid industrialization, exponential population growth and incompetently planned urbanization. Dyes are momentous pollutants which due to toxicity, carcinogenesis and mutagenesis lead to producing major perils to the human and other animals and microorganisms. Therefore, their removal from industrial and household effluents before discharge into the environment requires drastic attention. Adsorption is superior to other decholorization techniques because of simple design, easy operation, and high efficiency. Tremendous progresses in nanoscience and nanotechnology, enabling the synthesis of prominent and effective nanoadsorbents, have led to the enlargement of a variety of novel adsorption systems. In the past few years, graphene- based materials as the promising materials have been extensively explored for adsorption applications. The extremely high surface area, large delocalized pi (π) electrons, tunable chemical properties and easily modified surfaces of graphene and its related materials make them intriguing for use as adsorbents. In this paper, the most recent synthesis methods of graphene-based materials such as graphene oxide and nanocomposites of them are concisely described. Additionally, an overview of the potential applications of these viable and inexpensive nanomaterials for removal of dyes form aquatic systems involved in this research field is examined to identify future trends in the decontamination and reclamation of wastewater.