Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and Its Consequences for Iran's Territorial Integrity, Independence and Security

n this article, the author tries to examine the impacts of Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty on Iran's territorial integrity, independence and security. This treaty issued at the end of World War I between Russian Bolshevik government and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire), affected the relations of these countries with Iran. Thus the question raised here is: What were the political and security achievements of Brest-Litovsk Treaty for Iran after the World War I? The article claims that contrary to the 1907 and 1915 treaties, in Brest-Litovsk Treaty, both sides emphasized Iran's independence and territorial integrity which greatly affected Iran's security after the great war, in spite of that the Central Powers were defeated.