Intertextuality verses and hadiths in Sadi's Golestan

Intertextuality points to the fact that any text at some point in time, has been under the influence of earlier works and through changes in previous works, it has found textual identity. If we analyze the new text meticulously, we will clearly see references to earlier works. In other words, in the essence of all writer's thoughts and ideas one can notice ideas and thoughts of other writers, men of letters and poets. This is called intertextuality based on which every given text is given birth from the ideas and thoughts available in previously existing texts. Harold Bloom writes, in this regard, that the artist/author is always feeling the anxiety of influence of the former artist/author lest his work become a mere copy.
Many poets and men of letters while applying concepts, thoughts and anecdotes, put all their efforts in using Quranic words, combinations and phrases. Saadi, a highly skilled writer, extensively used Ayahs and Ahadith from the Quran and the Nahj al-Balagha in his ever-pleasant Gulistan. This study aims at revealing Quranic and the Nahj al-Balagha intertextuality in Gulistan in order to familiarize readers more with the Quranic color and the sayings of Imam Ali Ibn Abi Talib (UHBP) in Sadi's Gulistan.