Anticipate and turn away of the western philosophies with respect to theory of finalism (Spinoza, Kant and Gilson)

Theory of finalism – in spite of the fact that it is from admitted premises in the Islamic philosophy like principle of causality- has been a problem in the western philosophy.
In the before issue, we got acquainted to the viewpoints of Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, Bacon and Descartes about final cause and in this section, proceed to the viewpoints of Spinoza, Leibniz, Kant and Gilson.
Spinoza attacked theory of finalism and expressed reasons for refutation it. Altogether after the Renaissance, the majority of philosophers and scientists preferred mechanical justification to which founded on the knowledge of final, but Leibniz defended hardly from the theory of finalism in two realms of physics and metaphysics and Kant ignored Aristotelian interpretation of this theory and presented himself a new interpretation from it and defended from his own. Etienne Gilson defends from lively presence of this theory in the realm of metaphysics – not in the experiential sciences – and introduces it as one of the Christianity's foundations.