Bidding Strategy of Virtual Power Plant for Participating in Energy, Spinning Reserve, and Reactive Power Markets simultaneously

This paper addresses the bidding problem faced by a virtual power plant (VPP) in energy¡ spinning reserve service¡ and reactive power service market simultaneously. Therefore¡ a non-equilibrium model based on security constraints price-based unit commitment (SCPBUC)¡ which is take into account the supply-demand balancing and security constraints of VPP¡ is proposed. By the presented model¡ VPP can provide spinning reserve and reactive power services to transmission system operator (TSO)¡ and reactive power service to distribution system operator (DSO) as well as it can participate in energy market simultaneously. The presented model is a nonconvex nonlinear mixed-integer optimization with inter-temporal constraints and solved by mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP).