The Effect of Cognitive Hope Enhancing Training on Reducing Academic Procrastination and Self-handicapping of Students at Payam-e-Noor University in Bookan

The present study was an attempt to investigate the effect of cognitive hope enhancing training on reducing academic procrastination and self-handicapping of students at Payam-e-Noor University in Bookan within the academic year 1393-1394. To this end, 50 students who had the highest scores in self-handicapping and 60 students who had the highest score in procrastination were randomly selected through multistaged sampling and administering the questionnaires of procrastination and self-handicapping. They were randomly assigned to two experimental and two control groups. Then, the two experimental groups (procrastinating and self-handicapping) were trained in eight sessions, each 60 minutes, by two trained therapist. They received hope enhancing training. The control groups did not get any intervenison. Then, all of the participants took the post-test. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (covariance analysis). The results of the covariance analysis with p. value set lower than 0.05 revealed that, in the experimental groups, the cognitive hope enhancing training was an effective interversion to decrease the students` academic procrastination and self-handicapping