OPTIMAL DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE CANTILEVER RETAINING WALLS USING CBO, ECBO AND VPS ALGORITHMS

In this study optimal design of reinforced concrete cantilever retaining walls is performed under static and earthquake loading conditions utilizing the Colliding Bodies of Optimization (CBO), Enhanced Colliding Bodies of Optimization (ECBO) and vibrating particles system (VPS) methods. This design is based on ACI 318-05 and two theories known as Coulomb and Rankine have been applied for estimating the earth pressures under static loading condition, and Mononobe-Okabe method have been applied for estimating earth pressures under earthquake loading condition. The objective function considered is the cost of the retaining wall and this function is minimized subjected to design constraints. The performances of the CBO, ECBO and VPS and some other optimization algorithms are compared for the considered benchmark examples.