Effect of altitude and different phonological stages on essential composition and antioxidant activity of Ferula angulata (Schlecht.) Boiss from Dena altitudes

Ferula angulata (Schltdl.) Boiss. is belongs to Apiaceae family, due to presence of major monoterpenes such as α-pinene and β-pinene are widely used in perfume and pharmacological industries. In order to evaluation of essential oil variation of plant, the samples were collected in different stages (vegetative, flowering and seeding) from 2500, 3000 and 3500 m above sea level. The essential oils were extracted with water distillation method and were analyzed by using GC and GC/MS and the antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH method. Results were showed that in high altitude at fruit set stage, the content of estragole (33.43%), thujone (21.19%), cis-β-Ocimene (15.91%) terpinen-4-ol (14.49 %) and β-pinene (12.69%) were increased. The amount of estragole at various growing stage and at 2500 m altitude was 0 - 33.4 %. Thujone was found only at 2500 m altitude (2.67-21.19%). cis-β-ocimene at various growing stage and at different altitudes were found (2.92-15.91%). Result demonstrated that the plant had the highest antioxidant activity in 2500 -3000m altitude, especially in flowering stage. It can be concluded that the highest essential oil in Ferulago angulata obtained at flowering stage in high level of altitude.