Impact of Cranberry Juice Enriched With Omega-3 and Their Individual Consumption Adjunct with Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment on Glycemic Control and Lipid Profile in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontal Disease

Periodontal disease, a common widespread chronic disease, is considered as an important complication in diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cranberry juice enriched with omega-3 and their individual consumption on glycemic control and lipid profile in patients with diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease.
In this randomized clinical trial study, 41 patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic adult periodontal disease were randomly assigned to one group of control (n = 12) and three groups of intervention receiving omega-3 (n = 10), cranberry juice (n = 9), and cranberry juice enriched with omega-3 (n = 10) for 8 weeks. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy was provided for all the patients during the study. Fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin A, and lipid profile were measured at baseline and at the end of the study.
Findings: There was significant reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin A observed in intervention groups of receiving omega-3 (11%, P = 0.017) and cranberry enriched with omega-3 (7%, P = 0.014). The intervention group receiving omega-3 had significantly lower glycosylated hemoglobin A compared with control group. Furthermore, the intervention group receiving cranberry juice enriched with omega-3 had significantly higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) than the other intervention groups. There were no significant differences found in fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol and Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) between and within the groups.
It is suggested that consumption of cranberry juice enriched with omega-3 as a nutritional approach in adjunct with nonsurgical periodontal therapy may help to improve glycemic control and lipid profile in patients with diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease.