Role of the Mālikī Jurists and Muladis (Muwalladūn) in Rabaḍ Rebellion in Andalusia Based on the Theory of Chalmers Johnson's Revolutionary Change

Hakam b. Hisham, the Umayyad Emir of Andalusia (Ruled 180-206 AH/796-822 CE) was faced with different rebellions, one of which was the Rabaḍ rebellion with the participation of jurists and Muladis. With a historical approach and sociological viewpoint based on the theory of Chalmers Johnson’s revolutionary change, this article would examines the historical variants and data of the Rabaḍ rebellion and elucidates the factors and motives of the activities of jurists and Muladis. Using the indices of this theory, it was
clarified that in the social system of Andalusia, in the Umayyad period, which was known as the ground for the occurrence of the Rabaḍ rebellion, the confrontation of values and the inconsistency of changes paved the way for the Rabaḍ rebellion. The unbalanced social system of Andalusia in the Umayyad period, decline of power and the lack of credibility of Hakam’s rule were known as the essential causes of the Rabaḍ rebellion and the dethroning of Hakam by the jurists and allegiance with his cousin, Muhammad b. Qāsim, were reasons for expediting this rebellion.