Is There a Correlation between Helicobacter Pylori and Enterohepatic Helicobacter Species and Gallstone Cholecystitis?

Cholecystitis is a common surgical condition. Recently, several authors have reported that DNA of bile tolerant Helicobacter spp. has been found in the human bile colonizing the biliary tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the presence of Helicobacter spp. and gallstone cholecystitis.
In this case-control study, gallstones, bile, and gallbladder mucosa were collected from 25 patients without gallstone disease, 24 with acute cholecystitis, and 28 with chronic cholecystitis. The presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), Helicobacter bilis (H. bilis), Helicobacter hepaticus (H. hepaticus), and Helicobacter pullorum (H. pullorum) were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using species-specific primers.
In this study, 77 subjects with acute and chronic cholecystitis and control groups with a mean age of 46.85±14.53 years, including 58 (67.25%) women and 19 (32.75%) men were included. DNA of 10 Helicobacter spp. was detected in the bile of the patients with cholecystitis including eight H. pylori and two H. bilis. However, we could not detect H. hepaticus and H. pullorum DNA in the samples. Moreover, there was an association between H. pylori and acute cholecystitis (p=0.048), which was found to be stronger in 31-40-year-olds group (p=0.003).
We found an association between the presence of H. pylori DNA and acute gallstone cholecystitis. There is not statistically significant correlation between three enterohepatic Helicobacter spp. (H. bilis, H. hepaticus, and H. pullorum) and cholelithiasis. Given the low sample size of the patients, more studies are required to clear the clinical role of Helicobacter spp. in the gallstone disease and cholecystitis.