Explaining the Penal Institution in the Criminal Law of Abrahamic Religions;A Comparative Approach to Islam and Judaism

The study of the rules and shari’a of religions is an attractive comparative topic. In religious legal systems, and most prominently in shari’a -based religions like Islam and Judaism, it is essential to examine fundamental questions regarding punishment. By examining the philosophy of punishment in the two areas of infrastructure and its achievements and implications, this study seeks to found a criminal system, not based on western thoughts and opinions, but derived from the holy shari’a of the Abrahamic religions. In this regard, the Quranic verses, authentic narratives and the Torah, which are the main sources of understanding the rules of these two religions, have been studied. Although there have been distortions in the Torah, this does not mean that everything in this book is distorted. Therefore, there are many legal and moral rules and regulations in the Torah that cannot be doubted in divinity.