The Human Activeness in the Almanar Quran Exegesis

The issue of determinism and freedom is one of earliest kalami issues that have arose between the Muslims and the most important kalami sects such as Kadariyyah, Imamiyyah, Mutazilah and Ashaerah have reacted to it. Regarding the literal meaning of the Quranic verses that refers to the divine activeness in the acts attributed to human beings as well as considering the action monotheism, the Sunni traditionist and, afterwards, the Asharites trend to determinism and emphasized on the divine activeness in the acts attributed to human beings. In this regard, by an inspiration of the refulgent teachings of the Ahl ul-Bayt (AS), the Imamis refused both determinist and tafwizi (Abdicationist) beliefs and choose a middle way in interpreting the human activeness that is known as "the thing between the two" (amrun bayn al-amrayn). Opposing intensively with the beliefs of the determinists and Asharites on the human non-activeness, Rashid Reza considered the thought of absolute human freedom and tafwiz (abdication) as incorrect and tries to choose middle way in this regard. In this direction, he predicates his point of view to sense, consciousness, the totality of the Quranic verses and the teachings of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and the righteous predecessors.