Production of Chicken Egg Yolk Antibody (IgY) Against Recombinant Cholera Toxin B Subunit and Evaluation of Its Prophylaxis Potency in Mice

Cholera toxin (CT), responsible for the harmful effects of cholera infection, is made up of one A subunit (enzymatic), and five B subunits (cell binding). The release of cholera toxin is the main reason for the debilitating loss of intestinal fluid. Inhibition of the B subunit (CTB) may block CT activity.
To determine the effect of anti CTB-IgY against oral challenge with V. cholera in suckling infant mice.
The binding domain of cholera toxin was amplified and ligated into pET28a vector. The pET28a ()/ctb expression vector was confirmed by endonuclease digestion and sequence analysis. The expression of recombinant CTB in E. coli was performed by induction with IPTG. After immunizing the chickens with recombinant CTB, IgY was purified by water dilution method and NaCl precipitation and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Moreover, the activity and specificity of the IgY antibody were assessed by ELISA.
The SDS-PAGE and western blot techniques showed that CTB protein was successfully expressed and specifically recognized by polyclonal antibodies against the cholera toxin. The oral administration of anti- (V. choleraर) in infant mice in challenge with active V. cholera bacterium demonstrated high rate of survival.
The increase in the number of antibiotic resistant bacteria implies the necessity of finding novel antibiotics. Our results suggest the possibility of passive protection from purified IgY, hence implying that anti CTB-IgY may be useful in the treatment of cholera infections.