The Effects of Long and Forehand Parenting Program on Decreasing Symptoms of Oppositional Defiant of Children in Farmahin

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Long and Forehand Parenting Program on oppositional defiant symptoms in children with oppositional defiant disorder. The research design was experimental, included pre-test, post-test, and control group. The study population consisted of all parents of girls between the ages of 6 to 11 years old, with oppositional defiant disorder in Farmahin city. They were selected using multistage simple random sampling and then randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 per group). The research instrument was child symptom questionnaire (CSI-4) parents’ form. The participants of experimental group were trained using Forehand and Long parenting program for six sessions, while the control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The results illustrated that training parents with Forehand and Long parenting program reduced the symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder.