on the Effect of Utilization Intensity on Vegetation Changes in Miankaleh Region

Grazing management and the balance between domestic animal and rangeland need to complete information about rangeland ecosystems and identification of relation between vegetation and livestock. Thus, this research have been studied on the effect of different utilization intensities on vegetation changes in winter rangelands of Miankaleh. After identifying the utilization units, sampling was done in each area with transect-quadrate and systematicrandom method. Number and size of plot identified by statistical and minimal area method, respectively. Then, canopy cover percentage, Frequency, production and palatability of species was recorded in the plots. At last, data analysis was done with variance analysis and means comparison. The results showed that the Gramineae family had more frequency in different grazing intensities, which shows that the Miankaleh rangelands have high vegetative potential to this family nevertheless changes of grazing intensities and dominant species changes from critical to reference area. Also, the effects of low grazing cause to appearance of Trifolium pratense in reference area.