Classification of Morphological Changes in the Borrowing Process from Turkish into Persian

Language as a productive and dynamic phenomenon has been changing along with man’s progress. A change frequently observed in most languages is borrowing due to extensive relationships among people of different languages. Borrowing has different types such as phonological borrowing, lexical borrowing, and grammatical borrowing. From a structural point of view, words are divided into simple, compound, derived, and derived-compound; however, in the process of borrowing, this structure is sometimes transformed and the borrowed (loan) element can appear differently in the target language. Studying 1000 words borrowed (loan) from Turkish into Persian, the present research categorizes them based on the original and secondary structure of such words. They are categorized in 7 classes. In the order of frequency, these processes are as follows: 1- derived Turkish into simple Persian 2- simple Turkish into simple Persian 3- compound Turkish into simple Persian 4- derived-compound Turkish into simple Persian 5- Turkish affix into Persian affix 6-Turkish affix into Persian simple word 7- simple Turkish word into Persian affix. The results show that borrowing process in Persian Language is not so sensitive to the internal morphological structure of the borrowed (loan) words and adopts them as a single unit into Persian language.