Review on electrospinning and microstructure control of non-woven mat and its applications

Generally, nano fibers are referred to as fibers whose diameter is less than 500 nm and the length to diameter ratio is greater than 50. Production of high-fidelity fibers has attained remarkable interest of researchers due to unique properties and applications. Electrospinning is an effective technology for the preparation fibers in nano scale. In this method, nano-fibrous mats are produced with stretching of polymer solution or melt in a very strong electric field that is produced between the needle and the collector. Some characteristics of mats structure that affected on their properties are fiber diameter, diameter distribution, porosity, molecular structure, mechanical properties, and surface properties. The mats properties controlled by changing the environmental conditions of production, material properties of soluble or melt, and processing parameters of fiber production. The features control of the produced mats has caused a wide variety of applications. The most important uses of mates are textiles, wound dressing, drug release, synthetic tissue, catalyst, and filtration. In this study, we focus on the electrospinning basics for the production of mats, specification and effect of various factors on mats properties, bio-polymer that are used to produce mats and mats applications. The results of study say specific features can be induced by controlling microstructure of the  electrospun mats for different applications.