Optimal Energy and Reserve Scheduling of an Islanded Microgrid Considering Responsive Loads and Security

In this paper, a probabilistic model for joint scheduling of energy and reserve (spinning and non-spinning) of an islanded microgrid is proposed considering demand response programs and security constraints. The objective of the problem is to maximize the expected profit of the microgrid operator with considering voltage and frequency security constraints. The presence of stochastic sources such as renewable resources and loads made the nature of the scheduling problem stochastic which is required to be formulated and solved in a scenario-based model. In the proposed method, to minimize the adverse effects of unfavorable scenarios, the cconditional value at risk (CVaR) criteria is used in the probabilistic model. In this method, the sensitivity of operator’s profit and the microgrid security margin in the cases with/ without the participation of responsive loads are assessed with considering risk criteria. Using this method, makes the operator capable to choose a proper risk factor as well as maximizing its expected profit and improving the security margin of voltage and frequency of the microgrid. In addition, in order to assess the system security more precisely and to determine the voltage and frequency deviations in each scenario, the AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) is applied. Considering the security constraints of voltage and frequency simultaneously (at each hour) is a benefit of this method.