The Study of Teleological Philosophy in the Thought of Karl Ritter (with an Emphasis on the Enlightenment and Romanticism)

Geographers of eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, generally under the influence of Newtonian physics, which, by linking physics with the system of change and weakening, had opened it’s teleology to explain natural phenomena of a new way of negating teleology as a lacking scientific subject matter, the only mechanical interpretation of the phenomenal nature of supply. Thus, understanding the nature of finality provisions in geography has dramatically vanished. But, Karl Ritter, a German geographer, based on his religious beliefs and with the views of philosophers like Kant and the school of romanticism, considered the geographic analysis to be incomplete and suggests that such an analysis, in addition to geography, lacks a general and necessary credit; it is incapable of explaining nature as a general purposefulness. Hence, Ritter considers the ending of nature to be one of the most important foundations of the recognition of nature in geography, and tries to explain it, while paying attention to Newtonian physics, in order to explain the negligence of nature and the necessity of paying attention to this principle in geography. This article, in view of the need to expand its theoretical area, with an analytical-descriptive method, after the introduction of Newtonian picture of the nature, studies the role of teleological philosophy in the thought of Karl Ritter and seeks to answer the question of why geographers such Carl Ritter, in accordance with other geographers of his time to interpret nature, did not adequately consider Newtonian physics and considered the system of nature as a targeted military.