Cytotoxic Effect of Titanium Dioxide-Hydroxyurea Nanocamposit on Hela Cancer Cell Line

The use of nanotechnology in drug delivery Not only increase the efficacy and ease of drug penetration, but also they decrease their adverse effects. In this study, TiO2 nanoparticle was used as Hydroxyl Urea carrier to increase the contact surface of the drug and cells, and with pegylation of nanoparticle surface decrease immunogenicity, hence to increase drug solubility and penetration to cells. The goal of this study was to investigate cytotoxicity of synthesized TiO2-Poly Ethylene Glycol-Hydroxy Urea (TiO2-PEG-HU) nanocomposite on Hela cell-line and apoptosis induction of treated cells compared to the control group to determine the effective dose of nanodrug. In this laboratory study, the effect of TiO2-PEG-HU nano-drug was evaluated on cells bioactivity by MTT method at concentrations of 200, 400, 800, and 1800 µg/ml in 48 and 120 hours. Annexin-V/PI flowcytometry method was used to analyze apoptosis induction. Data were analyzed using uni-directional variance and independent T-test. Higher concentrations of TiO2-PEG-HU nanocomposite decreased cells bioactivity dependent on dosage and time. As the concentration of 1600 µg/ml of nanocomposite reduced amount of bioavailability by 1.52 times over a 120-hour period compared to the 48-hour time-effect. For both times, this reduced cell survival was `significantly different from that of the control group at the level of p <0.0001. In addition, nano-drug significantly increased apoptosis induction 2.5 times in treated Hela cells (p=0.0114). Nano-composite TiO2-PEG-HU on the Hela cell line is cytotoxic and induces apoptosis and can be a promising drug for cancer treatment.