Effect of different VAM Species and Phosphorus levels on yield and Physiological properties of safflower

Fertilizers like phosphorus chemical fertilizer are one of the most important inputs in increasing growth and yield, but results have shown that biofertilizers application can decrease need to chemical fertilizers. This trial had done in order to investigate effect of different chemical P levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) and different VAM strains (control, Glomus mossae, G.intraradise , G.hoei and mixture of these three VAM) in three replication as factorial based on complete block design on growth, yield and physiologic properties of safflower. Based on results of this investigation highest grain and oil yield increase observed in 100 and 150 kg/ha, but there were not significant differences between these two phosphorus chemical fertilizer level in yield. phosphorus chemical fertilizer increased oil yield by increasing grain number and oil percent, but 100 grain weight negativelly impacted by phosphorus chemical fertilizer and VAM. Highest safflower grain and oil yield observed in Glomus intraradise and Glomus hoei. Under VAM effect Increase in grain number increased oil yield, but oil percent didnot effected by by VAM. Application of this two fertilizer improved phosphorus content too. Antioxidants contents and prolin of safflower increased by phosphorus chemical fertilizer and VAM application