The impact of virtual reality (functional and structural constraints) and real world training on the self-efficacy of dart throwing

Virtual reality environments are used as an effective intervention in motor skills training. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of virtual reality training on self-efficacy of male students. The statistical sample of this study were 36 male students who were selected as available samples and divided into three; Functional constraint virtual training, Structural constraint virtual training, and Real world training groups. The present study was conducted in three sessions of pre-test, training and post-test. Dart throwing skill was selected as the task. Special dart's self-efficacy questionnaire was completed by the students and collected. The results showed that virtual training of dart significantly improves students' self-efficacy, and there is no significant difference between the effects of training groups on self-efficacy. Therefore, virtual reality system can enhance the self-efficacy of sports skills.