Research developmental phases of somatic embryogenesis banana (Musa acumiata L.) cv. Vallery

Banana is one of strategic and economical plant. It is important in nutrition of humans and animals and economic in tropical countries. The Vallery belong to Musa balbisiana Colla and Musa acuminate Colla species and Eumusa and musa genus. The subject of project is developmental phases somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of banana from terminal and axillary buds in cv. Vallery. The meristematic tissue of terminal and axillary used for somatic embryogenesis. Four media culture were contain : (MS1, BAP 3 mg/l, IAA 2 mg/l) ،(MS2, BAP 22.5 mg/l) ، (MS3, BAP 0.4 mg/l , IAA 2 mg/l) prepared. MS1 and MS3 treatments did not observed callus, shoot grown from terminal and axillary meristem. The length of shoot plantlets was longer in MS1 than MS3 but roots was shorter. The cream color and compact of callus (some of part brown color) in observed in MS2 treatment by Stereo Microscope. The circular aggregated embryo raised and increased gradually. The embryo differentiated and green color showed in embryos, after that plantlets regenerated from embryos. Mean length of shoot and root were (3 cm, 1.5 cm) respectively, and number of shoot and root were (0.3) .MS4 treatment produced brown callus and non-compact. The plantlets regenerated from meristematic tissue, length of shoot and root were smaller and number of shoot was higher than other treatment.