Study of Elements of Formation and Evolution of Mystical Literature

Mysticism and mystical literature is one of the most significant branches of educational literature and has a broad expanse in Persian literature. There is no doubt that a large portion of the works and contexts in Persian literature is dedicated to the works with mystical concepts and contents. The events, happenings, and policies of the rulers of a society are impressive in every pillars of that society. Just like any other phenomenon, literature is affected from the political, cultural, and social atmosphere and the events and happenings in society. This condition can lead to the formation and evolution and or recession and degradation of a literary genre. A portion of these reasons and factors depends on the political, cultural, social, and economic conditions of that society. The genesis and evolution of mystical literature coincides with the realm of Ghaznavids, Seljuk, and Mongols in Iran. This paper that is written through descriptive analytic method using library resources deals with the role of political, social, cultural, and economic factors on the formation and evolution of mystical literature in various eras. The above factors include shortage of imperial reign interested in Iranian Islamic culture, cruelty and oppression of the ruling party and ethical deviation, strictness and religious prejudices and superficiality, rationalities deviation, fatalism and desperate people, role of monastery, role of ascetic poetry, role of poetry and Arabic mystical verse, and economic issues.